Download - Ch 4 skin problems
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III. Skin Problems
Ch 4 Integumentary System
Warning: Graphic Pictures
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Skin Problems – infections, allergies, or damages
A. Athlete’s Foot – mostly from fungal infection
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B. Boils & CarbunclesBacterial infection & inflammation of hair
follicle.– Boil = 1– Carbuncle = several connected boils
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C. Black & Whiteheads
1. Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in a oil pore, makeup
2. Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)
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D. Cold Sores
1. Caused by
Herpes simplex
virus I
2. Common,
contagious,
incurable
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1. Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash2. Non-contagious3. Chronic – long term, reoccuring4. Caused by contact with allergens or irritants, exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even stress.
E. Contact Dermatitis
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F. Impetigo
1. Crusting skin infection
2. Caused by staph and strep bacteria
3. Pus filled blisters
4. Highly contagious
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G. Psoriasis1. Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp
2. Red patches covered with white scales
3. Unknown cause; some think autoimmune disorder
4. Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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H. Cyanosis
1. Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails
2. Due to reduced oxygen in blood
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I. Burns
1.Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
2. Associated dangersa. Dehydration
b. Electrolyte imbalance
c. Circulatory shock
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3.Rules of Nines
a. Way to determine the extent of burns
b. Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate
c. Each area represents ~ 9%
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4. Burns are CRITICAL if…
1. Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
2. Over 10% has 3rd degree
3. 3rd degree burns on face, hands, and/or feet
Scald Burn
Heat Burn
Chemical
Electrical
Sunburn
Contact Burn
Inhale Burn
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J. Skin Cancer
1. Abnormal cell massa. Benign-does not spread
(encapsulated)b. Malignant-Metastasized (moves) to other parts of body
Skin cancer is most common type of cancer.
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2. Three common types of Malignant Skin Cancer
a. Basal cell carcinoma- least malignant
- Most common- Arises from stratum basale
b. Squamous Cell Carcinoma- arises from stratum spinosum- Metastasizes to lymph nodes- Early removal allows a good chance of cure
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c. Malignant Melanoma
- Most deadly
- Cancer of melanocytes
- Metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels
- Detection uses ABCD
rule.
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ABCD RuleABCD Rule
A = Asymmetry – Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity – Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color – Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter – Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter