Download - Ch2
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Definition of Culture
• Culture is a group’s way of life, including the shared system of social meanings, values, and relations that is transmitted between generations.
• Culture can be seen as “learned behavior.”
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Cultural Geography is concerned with…
• …how place affects culture.
• …how culture affects place.
• …the distributions of culture
groups and reasons for those distributions.
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Culture Traits
• …are single elements of normal practice in culture.
• …include beliefs, institutions, language, and technology.
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A culture complex is a group of interrelated
culture traits related to one aspect of a culture or
society.
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A Culture Region• …is an area that shares common culture
traits.
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A Culture Realm…• …is a group of culture regions that share a
common culture system.
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Cultural landscape refers to the distinct imprint of a culture on the
land. .
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Each group of inhabitants leaves their distinctive imprint on the landscape in a
process of “sequent occupance.”
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Sequent occupance--imprint of communism in Germany.
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Indian imprint on New Mexico landscape
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Spanish influence in New Mexico
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TerritorialInfluence In New Mexico
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A culture hearth is a region where cultural traits such as
religion and agriculture develop.
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Cultural Diffusion
• …is the process of spreading an idea or an innovation from one area to another
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Expansion Diffusion…
• …occurs where contact causes cultural traits to be adopted (often through conquest or trade).
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Expansion diffusion example:
• The Spanish converted the Indians of Middle America to Roman Catholicism in the 16th and 17th Centuries.
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Expansion diffusion example:• McDonald’s restaurants can be found in
many locations around the world.
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Relocation Diffusion…
• …is a result of migration.
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Relocation diffusion example
• German migrants to Fredericksburg, Texas brought their culture with them.
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Relocation diffusion example
• It is common to find mosques in many American communities today.
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Stimulus diffusion occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the
underlying idea is accepted.
Siberians rejected cattle herding, but adopted reindeer herding instead.
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Acculturation
• …is the process by which a culture is substantially changed through interaction with another more powerful culture.
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Transculturation occurs when strong cultures interact with each other and each
acts as both a source and adopter.
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Some things inhibit diffusion
Time-Distance decay
Cultural restraints
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Perceptual regions exist in our imaginations.
What is “the South?” Where is it?
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Percent who say each state is Southern
“All in all.”
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Where kudzu grows
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Acres of cotton cultivation
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Lynchings--1900-1930
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Support for third-party or unpopular major-party presidential candidates
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Concentrations of poor, rural black Southerners
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Housing units without complete plumbing
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Illiteracy rates
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Active dentists per 1000 residents
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High burglary rates
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Members of Baptist Churches
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Birthplaces of country music notables
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States mentioned in country music lyrics
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Ratio of homicides to suicides
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No state law against sex discrimination in 1972
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Low percentage of white women employed in traditionally white male
occupations in 1985
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Colleges and universities that publish sports magazines
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Chapters of the Kappa Alpha Order in 1988
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“Dixie” listings as percentage of “American” listings in telephone directories ca. 1975
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Average scores on”Index of Southern
Preference”
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“Southern Living” readers as a percentage of white population