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Change Awareness
Rob Diaz-MarinoUniversity of CalgaryCPSC 781
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Outline
Collaborative Editing Change Awareness
ImportanceComprehensionOn PaperOn the Computer
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Collaborative Editing
Common artifactsViewed / Manipulated by 2+ people
ModesCoordinated with othersNot coordinated with othersDrift between the two
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Change Awareness
ImportanceDuplication of effortConflicts Introduction of new mistakesGroup consensus
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Change Awareness What information is necessary to
comprehend change? Who – Presence, Identity, Authorship What – Action, Intention, Artifact Where – Location, Gaze, View, Reach, Context When – Event History, Order Why – Cognitive/Motivational History How – Process, Outcome
[2] Tam, J., and Greenberg, S. (2005)
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On Paper Wear
Happens automatically
Ex. wrinkled edges, folds, creases, dog-ears, smudges, tears, spills, bindings…
[1] Hill, Hollan, Wroblewski, McCandless
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On Paper (2) Editing Markup
InsertionsAnnotationsStrikeoutsOverwritesBlock movesBlock scribbles
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On the Computer
ViewsArtifactPeopleWorkspace
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On the Computer (2)
Wear does not automatically accumulateSimulatedEx. Attribute-mapped
scroll bars [1]
(a) Normal scrollbar(b) Total edit wear(c) Two categories of edit wear(d) Total read wear(e) Three categories of read wear
[1] Hill, Hollan, Wroblewski, McCandless
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On the Computer (3) Differencing (two versions)
Sequential Deltas – ex. Unix DiffAnnotations and Markups – ex. WordHighlighting – ex. WordOverviews – entire doc miniatureGraphical Playback – storyboard/animation
[2] Tam, J., and Greenberg, S. (2005)
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On the Computer (4) Differencing (multiple versions)
File DifferencingReal-time Differencing – while typingVersion Control Systems – ex. CVSHistory Systems – Playback, Undo
[2] Tam, J., and Greenberg, S. (2005)
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Questions?
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References
1) William C. Hill, James D. Hollan, Dave Wroblewski, Tim McCandless. (1992) Edit wear and read wear. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, June 1992.
2) Tam, J., and Greenberg, S. (In Press - Accepted May 2005) Framework for Asynchronous Change Awareness in Collaborative Documents and Workspaces. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Elsevier.