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Change of Culture1952
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Eisenhower administration and the affluent society
• Dynamic conservatism-Fiscal conservatism, socially liberal
• Kept New Deal programs- Dept. of Health, Education and welfare
• Interstate Highway Act, St Lawrence Seaway
• GI Bill of Rights-Fear of repeating WWI experience again
• Gave money to go to school (universities swelled)
• Productivity increases-Economic boom• VA-Gave aid to buy a home, start a business,
farm
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Conformity
• Baby Boom-Soldiers came home, had children
• Cult of Dom. reemerges-(BIW) Women should be homemakers
• National income doubled-Rest of the world was destroyed
• Consumerism exploded-'keeping up with the Jones'
• Television Age, Rock and Roll
• Migration to suburbs
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Anti-conformist• The Beat generation "Beatniks" -rebelled
against conformity• Jack Kerouac - On the Road• Jackson Pollok – no form or function• Allen Ginsburg – Howl• J.D. Salinger – Catcher in the Rye
• anti-hero (Holden Caulfield
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Cold War Spreads
• Foreign Policy-John Foster Dulles-Rollback (1949) instead of containment
• Use nuclear weapons/airpower and new tech. not ground troops
• Threaten Massive retaliation• Encourage liberation of Eastern Europe• Massive Retaliation to any Soviet or Chinese
aggression
• Radio Free Europe
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We’re all going to DIE!!!!• Brinkmanship-Never back
down• Mutually assured destruction-
No winner in nuclear war• Nuclear Triad
• Did not respond to Hungary 1956
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Fight Communism not Spread Democracy• Khrushchev began aiding
revolutions in LDCs• US had to support colonialism,
Imperialism• Iran
• Supported non democratic governments (anti-communist)
• Guatemala
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Sputnik • Soviets launch Sputnik
1957• National Defense Education
Act (NDEA)• Millions to schools and
universities for math, science, and foreign language
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) created to help bridge the gap
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Begins meeting with Khrushchev
• Nixon Kitchen debates, Geneva summit
• Suez Crises 1956- Israel to return Suez Canal
• Anwan Damn, Nasser• Oil embargo• UN – both denounce invasion
• 2 Superpowers
• U-2 incident 1960-Soviets shoot down US spy plane
• Eisenhower farewell address-warns of danger of Industrial Complex
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1960s Politics• New Left- efficient government
could solve social problems, grow the economy, promote equality, advance freedoms
• Students for a Democratic Society• Thomas Hayden-Port Huron
Statement• Expansion of democracy• Free Speech Movement (64)
• New Right- less government, less spending, and less taxes, stronger national defense, return to traditional values.
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Kennedy Presidency "Camelot"
• Nixon v. Kennedy-Closest popular vote ever
• Kennedy had to defend his Catholicism• First televised debates
• "New Frontier"-Equality, employment, aid for needy, space program
• Calls for Civil Rights Bill
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Foreign Policy
• Flexible response-Use more conventional forces
• Peace Corps-LDC's tired of Cold War
• Berlin Wall• Stop emigration out of
communist countries
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Cubin Missile Crisis• Castro seizes Cuba
• US tries to remove-Assassinate• Bay of Pigs
• USSR places missiles on Cuba• U2 Spy Plane locates• Quarantine• Outcome
• USSR agrees to remove missiles • US removes missiles from Turkey,
pledges not to invade Cuba• Hot line is created between US and
USSR
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Final Days
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty• Assassinated 1963-
Warren Commission states single shooter