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Hirokazu YASUOKA (Hosei University, Japan)
Kadiri S. Bobo & Towa O. W. Kamgaing (University of Dchang, Cameroon)
ATBC 2014 (21 JUL 2014)
Changes in game harvest composition, southeastern Cameroon: A potential indicator of overhunting for local people
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Bounba-Bek NP Nki NP
Lobeke NP
Logging in southeastern Cameroon
Cameroon
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Snare hunting
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Bay duiker Peter’s duiker
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Black-fronted duiker White-bellied duiker
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Yellow-backed duiker Blue duiker
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National Parks
Cameroon
Main Road
100 km
Yokadouma
Moloundou
Nki NP Bouma-Bek
NP
2nd Road
Lobéké NP
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Should the regulations be enforced immediately?
Non-traditional (non-plant) implements are prohibited even outside of protected areas.
Hunting regulations in Cameroon
No. Approaches to hunting emerge from historical, cultural, and ecological contexts. If the regulations are enforced immediately, it will affect not only hunting but also activities that share a common contexts. This will certainly make earning a livelihood more difficult (Yasuoka, in press). Therefore, it is better to integrate hunting practices into a wildlife management.
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Zoulabot Ancien
Intensive ethnographical stusy site (2001−)
Baka : 150 Bantu : 20
Main Road
100 km
Yokadouma
Moloundou
2nd Road
Nki NP Bouma-Bek
NP
Study sites
Lobéké NP
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Baka Pygmy Bantu
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Main Road
100 km
Yokadouma
Moloundou
Nki NP Bouma-Bek
NP
2nd Road
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
700
1750
150
4350
Baka (Pygmy)
Others (Bantu)
Total: 6100
Total: 850
Baka (Pygmy)
Others (Bantu)
People in CHZ 13
People in CHZ 14
Community hunting zones (CHZs 13 & 14)
Lobéké NP
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Main Road
100 km
Yokadouma
Moloundou
Nki NP Bouma-Bek
NP
2nd Road
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Lobéké NP
Census of large- and medium-sized mammals
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Compositions of blue and red duikers in harvests with snares
Nki NP (2003)
574
175 37
Nki NP
Bouma-Bek NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Lobéké NP Red duikers
Blue duiker Others
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Nki NP
Bouma-Bek NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Nki NP (2003)
Nki NP (2012)
574
175 37
32
13 18
Lobéké NP
Compositions of blue and red duikers in harvests with snares
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Nki NP
Bouma-Bek NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Nki NP (2003)
Nki NP (2012)
574
175 37
32
13 18
CHZ 14 (2012)
CHZ 13 (2012)
13
29 47
9
44 33
Lobéké NP
Compositions of blue and red duikers in harvests with snares
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Nki NP
B-B NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Lobéké NP
11.0
3.7
Ekobo (1998)
6.3
0.1
Ekobo (1998)
2.3
Compositions of blue and red duikers in densities (ind/km2)
10.0
2.3
Ekobo (1998)
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Nki NP
B-B NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Lobéké NP
11.0
3.7
Ekobo (1998)
6.3
0.1
Ekobo (1998)
6.8
2.8
Nzooh (2006)
11.2 10.6
2.3
Bene & Nzooh (2005)
10.0
2.3 Compositions of blue and red duikers in densities (ind/km2)
Ekobo (1998)
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Nki NP
B-B NP
CHZ 14
CHZ 13
Lobéké NP
11.0
3.7
Ekobo (1998)
6.3
0.1
Ekobo (1998)
6.8
2.8
Nzooh (2006)
11.2 10.6
7.2 4.9
2012 2012
2.3 1.6
Bene & Nzooh (2005)
10.0
2.3
Ekobo (1998)
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33
18
47
486
35
7.2 4.9
2.3 1.6
6.8
2.8
6.3
0.1
9
32
13
Blue duiker vs Red duikers Catch
Nki NP (2012)
CHZ14 (2012)
CHZ13 (2012)
Nki NP (2003)
B/R ratio
>
Density
CHZ14 (2012)
CHZ13 (2012)
Nki NP (Ekobo 1998)
Nki NP (Nzooh et al 2006)
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Summary
1. Originally, red duikers’ density was higher than blue duiker’s in SE Cameroon.
2. Under high hunting pressure, B/R both in catch and in density increased.
3. B/R in catch increased much more.
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Red duikers (15-20 kg)
Blue duiker (4-5 kg)
Density
Time
Decline of densities of blue and red duikers under high hunting pressure
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Catch
Time
Decline of catches of blue and red duikers under high hunting pressure
Red duikers
Blue duiker
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1. Snares were set within areas where the density of red duikers was lower (e.g. around villages).
2. The main target of snaring has shifted to blue duiker.
Why has B/R in catch increased much more than B/R in density?
Possibly because…
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How did the people react to the decline of duiker densities?
Red duikers decreased.
Finer wires were used for snares, and number of wires increased.
The target shifted to blue duiker, and B/R in catch increased.
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B/R in catch…
… is obtained in daily activities of hunters without additional efforts (cf. density, capture rate, hunting area).
… provides a common ground that mediates ecological and indigenous knowledges.
… may detect the overhunting before it severely affects populations of duiker in a larger area.
B/R in catch as an indicator to monitor overhunting
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Hunters Ecologists 2. Find the reasons:
why does B/R change?
3. Discuss the management: how to use B/R.
1. Confirm and share the fact: B/R increased.
B/R in catch as an indicator to monitor overhunting
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Acknowledgements
Field research was supported by JICA/JST-SATREPS and JSPS-KAKENHI, Japan.
Attending ATBC 2014 was supported
by CIFOR.