Download - Chap 22 Evolution. Cuvier tried to explain the fossil record by using the idea of Catastrophism
Chap 22
Evolution
Cuvier tried to explain the fossil record by using the idea of Catastrophism.
Cuvier – Catastrophism
Catastrophies explain the different layers of fossils
Cuvier – Catastrophism
Catastrophies explain the different layers of fossils
Hutton- Gradualism
Geological processes take thousands of years
Hutton- Gradualism
Geological processes take thousands of years
Lyell-
Uniformitarianism- geologic processes work the same now as in the past
1. Earth is very old
2. Slow change can result in substantial change over time
Lyell-
Uniformitarianism- geologic processes work the same now as in the past
1. Earth is very old
2. Slow change can result in substantial change over time
Evolutionary Theory
Theory of Use and Disuse
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Evolutionary Theory
Theory of Use and Disuse
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
5 Parts to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• There is always variation in the population• There is always a struggle for existence• Some characteristics allow for some
individuals to survive and reproduce better than others
• These characteristics are heritable• It takes many generations for change to
occur
Food Supply
Arithmetic
Food Supply
Arithmetic
Populations
Geometric Inc
Logrithmic
Exponential
Populations
Geometric Inc
Logrithmic
Exponential
Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus
(Transitional Species: fossils show change over time)
Homologous Structures: Comparable structures that have taken on different functions as a result of modification from a common ancestors
(Artificial Selection of domestic species)
8. Vestigial OrgansDegenerated organs that have lost all or most of its original function
9. Adaptive RadiationRapid adaptation of one ancestral organism to a wide range of environments leads to the formation of many new species
Changes in environment can affect survival and change overall the population’s characteristics.
Transitional Species
Descent with modification
Descent with modification
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Organ
Biogeography is the science which deals with geographic patterns of species distribution and the processes that result in such patterns
Present
Darwin expected the plants on the Galapagos to resemble those found in Europe, why was this not so?
Adaptive Radiation in Hawaiian Honeycreepers
Lines of Evidence for Evolution
• Domesticated Species/ Artificial Selection• Transitional Species/ Fossil record• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures• Embryological Structures• Biogeographical evidence• Biochemical evidence
- DNA, Protein, Amino Acid Sequencing• Adaptive radiation
Unrelated organisms adapt to similar environmental conditions