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Chapter 1: Group Work:
An Introduction
Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition
Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
Beginnings Joseph Hersey Pratt → Tuberculosis Cody Marsh Edward Lazell → Psychotics Alfred Adler and Rudolph Dreikurs
→ Families and children
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
Beginnings Jesse B. Davis → Vocational guidance Frank Parsons → Vocational Trigant Burrow → Group analysis Jacob L. Moreno → Psychodrama
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
1930s Louis Wender → Family transference manifestation
Loretta Bender → Children Betty Gabriel → Adolescents S. R. Slavson → Activity therapy groups
Alcoholics Anonymous
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
1940s WWII (Samuel Hadden, Harris Pick, Irving Berger, Donald Shaskan, William C. Menniger, Joshua Bierer, S. H. Foulkes, and Wilfred R. Bion)
Kurt Lewin → Field theory and Gestalt Psychology
T-groups (training groups)
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
1940s American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama founded by J. L. Moreno
American Group Psychotherapy Association founded by S. R. Slavson
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
1950s J. J. Geller → Elderly Family Counseling (Rudolph Dreikurs, John Bell, Nathan Ackerman, Gregory Bateson, and Virginia Satir)
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History of Group Work
1960s and 1970s Community mental health centers Nontraditional groups
Transcendental meditation The encounter group
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History ofGroup Work
1960s and 1970s Fritz Perls → Gestalt therapy Eric Berne → Transactional analysis William C. Shultz → Nonverbal communication in groups
Jack Gibb → Cooperative vs. competitive behavior in groups
Carl Rogers → Encounter group
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History ofGroup Work
1960s and 1970s Association For Specialists in Group Work (ASGW)
American Psychological Association (APA)
National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History ofGroup Work
1980s Groups for specialized populations (e.g., alcoholics, incest victims, overweight people, grief and loss, etc.)
ASGW ethical standards for group work
Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
The History ofGroup Work
1990s and Beyond ASGW
Core competencies and specialization requirements
Four types of groups Supervision
CACREP Revised accreditation standards Identified essential curricular elements
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Goals for Groups
General goals for groups Goals for specialized groups Goals based on theoretical perspectives
Goals developed by group members
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Types of Groups
Task/work groups Guidance/psychoeducational groups Counseling groups Psychotherapy groups Other models for group work
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Composition of Groups
Heterogeneous or mixed-gender group composition Social microcosm Confrontation of self-defeating behavior
Focus on the present Reality testing Generation of gender-based anxiety
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Composition of Groups
Homogeneous or same-gender group composition All-female groups All-male groups
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Therapeutic Factors in Groups
Yalom’s curative factors Instillation of hope Universality Imparting of information Altruism The corrective recapitulation of the primary
family group Development of socialization Imitative behavior Interpersonal learning Group cohesiveness Catharsis Existential factors
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Personal Characteristics of Group Leaders
Presence Personal power Courage Self-awareness Belief in the group process Inventiveness
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Personal Characteristics
of Group Leaders
Stamina and energy Goodwill and caring Openness Awareness of one’s own culture Nondefensiveness in coping with attacks
Sense of humor Personal dedication and commitment Willingness to model Willingness to seek new experiences
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Myths Connected with Group Work
1.Everyone benefits from group experience.
2.Groups can be composed in a way that assures success.
3.The group revolves around the leader’s charisma.
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Myths Connectedwith Group Work
4.Leaders can direct groups through structured exercises or experiences.
5.Therapeutic change in groups comes about through here-and-now experiences.
6.Major member learning in groups is derived from self-disclosure and feedback.
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Myths Connectedwith Group Work
7.A leader does not have to understand group process and group dynamics.
8.Changes made by group participants are not maintained.
9.A group is a place to get emotionally high.
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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer
Myths Connectedwith Group Work
10.A group’s purpose is to make members close to every other member.
11.Group participation results in brainwashing.
12.To benefit from a group, a member has to be dysfunctional.