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Chapter 1, Lesson 1How Geographers View the
World
Pg. 18-25
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What is Geography?The study of where people, places, & things are located and how they relate to each other2 Parts: Physical & Human geographyGeography is dynamic (always changing)
Examples:
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Physical GeographyStudying earth’s land, water, plants, & animals
What can we learn about a place by studying these things?
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Physical Geography of Valley CityWhere is it?LandformsWaterwaysClimate Plant lifeLocal wildlife
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Jamaica’s land, water, plants, & animals
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Human GeographyWhere people live, how they live, how the environment affects them, and how different groups of people compare to each other
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Human Geography of Valley CityHow many people?Where do they live?GovernmentWorkReligionLanguageAncestors
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The 5 Themes of Geography1. Location2. Place: Human & Physical Features3. Region: Similar Human & Physical
Features 4. Human-environmental interaction5. Movement
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1. What is the LOCATION of a place?
Absolute location:its position on the globe
• Latitudes (parallels) run east & wests Equators Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn
• Longitudes (meridians) run north & souths Prime Meridian
Relative location:Its location compared to other places
• Ex. 6 miles east of Valley City
Back
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Earth’s Population by Latitude and Longitude
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2. How can you describe a Place?Physical characteristics
The landscape: mountains, rain forests Climate & weather
Human characteristicsPopulation, economy, governments, language & customs
Backhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-NksDSgKZ8
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3. What is a Region?Places that are close to one another and share some characteristics
Can be defined using human or physical characteristicsExamples:
Back
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4. How do people interact with the natural environment of a place?
Intentional and accidental changes -
Beneficial and destructive changes -
Back
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5. Movement: How do people, goods, & ideas move between places?
Movement of People – why do people move? Goods – what goods move & why? Ideas – the Internet & social media!
How does movement affect a place?
Back
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Chapter 1, Lesson 2The Geographer’s Tools
Pg. 26-33
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Globes & MapsParts of maps & globes
Key – explains lines, symbols, and colors on the map Scale Bar – helps understand distance on the mapCompass Rose – shows where cardinal directions point
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Map ProjectionsDepending on the purpose of the map, projections distort some aspects of Earth in order to represent other aspects as accurately as possible on a flat surface
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Mercator Projection
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Goode Homolosine Projection
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Robinson Projection
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Which map would you use?
Robinson Projection à
ß Goode Homolosine Projection
Mercator Projection à
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Types of MapsPolitical Maps – show boundaries, names of countries & citiesPhysical Maps –landforms, waterways, elevation (height above/below sea level) & relief (steepness)Thematic Maps – show specific details, such as roads, climate, population density, or natural resources
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Geospatial Technologies Technology – applying scientific discoveries for practical use
Global Positioning System (GPS)• GPS devices calculate your location on the Earth
using signals from 30 US-owned satellitesGeographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Uses computers to organize large amounts of data to create usable maps, graphs, etc.
Remote sensing• Using satellites to gather information from far away
s Weather satellites, Google Earth, land use planning
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Graphs, Charts, & DiagramsBar & Line Graph – shows change over timeCircle Graph – shows proportionPictograph – uses pictures to show dataClimograph – shows weather in a certain locationElevation profile – to view a cross-section of a regionDemographics Chart – to analyze populations
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Demographics Chart