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Intro to Anatomy and Physiology
Organization of the Human Body
Chapter 1
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What is anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the science of body parts and the relationships among structures.
Physiology is the science of body functions and how the body parts work.
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Because function can never be separated from structure, these are both studied together.
Each structure of the body is designed for a specific function.
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Levels of Organization and Body Systems
The structures of the human body are organized on several levels.
Smallest to largest:Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system,
and organism.
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ChemicalIncludes atoms and moleculesCertain atoms are essential for
maintaining life.Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
calcium are the main ones.DNA is responsible for all the genetic
material in our bodies.
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Cellular
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.
Each cell contains organelles which perform specific functions.
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Tissues
Tissues are groups of specialized cells that get together to perform a specific function.
There are 4 basic types of tissues.Epithelial, connective, muscle and
nervous
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Organ
Organs usually have a recognizable shape, are composed or two or more specific types of tissues, and have a specific function.
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Organ systemA system consists of related organs that
have a common function. The organs work together.
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Organism
All systems in the body join together to create the organism.
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Vocabulary Cards
AnatomyPhysiologyAtomMoleculeCellTissueOrgansystem
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What processes do all living organisms have in common?
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Life ProcessAll living organisms
Metabolism: sum of all chemical processes
Responsiveness or adaptation: detect and respond to changes in internal or external body
Movement
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GrowthDifferentiation: cells become
specialized for specific functionsReproduction
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Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable environmentBalance constantly adjusted at all
levelsInteraction of systems
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Feedback SystemsNegative
Reverses
change
in controlled
system
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Positive feedbackStrengthens a change in a controlled
condition
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What type of cut is this?
Sagittal cut
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What type of cut is this?
transverse
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Frontal
What type of cut is this?
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What type of cut is this?
oblique
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Vocabulary CardsSuperiorInferiorAnteriorPosteriorMedial HomeostasisFeedback
system/loop
LateralProximalDistalSuperficialDeepObliqueSagittalParasagittalFront/coronaltransverse