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Chapter 1, Section 2Chapter 1, Section 2
A Brief History of PsychologyA Brief History of Psychology
Mr. YoungMr. Young
11stst and 6 and 6thth Period Period
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Essential QuestionEssential Question
Has the field of Psychology Has the field of Psychology evolved over time and if it evolved over time and if it has, what has lead to this has, what has lead to this process?process?
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I CAN:I CAN:
Explain important trends in the history of Explain important trends in the history of PsychologyPsychology
Identify various approaches to the study of Identify various approaches to the study of PsychologyPsychology
Analyze why Sigmund Freud smoked cigarsAnalyze why Sigmund Freud smoked cigars List and Explain the major reasons why List and Explain the major reasons why
most Psychologists had cool facial hairmost Psychologists had cool facial hair
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The Origins of PsychologyThe Origins of Psychology
PhrenologyPhrenology- practice of - practice of examining examining bumpsbumps on a on a person’s skull to person’s skull to determine that persons determine that persons intellect and character intellect and character traittrait
Psychology has Psychology has molded from other molded from other sciencessciences
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Phrenology VideoPhrenology Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80dZ71Km6_g&feature=related
3:30 minutes3:30 minutes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nck46Bzt2c
1:20 movie clip1:20 movie clip
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Historical ApproachesHistorical Approaches
1.1. StructuralismStructuralism
2.2. FunctionalismFunctionalism
3.3. Inheritable TraitsInheritable Traits
4.4. Gestalt PsychologyGestalt Psychology
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1) Structuralism1) Structuralism
A psychologist who A psychologist who studied the basic studied the basic elements that make up elements that make up conscious mental conscious mental experiencesexperiences
Wundt developed Wundt developed introspectionintrospection, a method , a method of self-observation in of self-observation in which participants report which participants report their thoughts and their thoughts and feelingsfeelings
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2) Functionalism2) Functionalism
William JamesWilliam James, taught , taught at Harvardat Harvard
Father of Psychology Father of Psychology in Americain America
Study how animals Study how animals and people and people adaptadapt to to their environmentstheir environments
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Psychology 101 VideoPsychology 101 Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE
1:10 min1:10 min
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3) Inheritable Traits3) Inheritable Traits
Sir Francis Sir Francis GaltonGalton Understand how Understand how
heredityheredity influences a influences a person’s abilities, person’s abilities, characters, and behaviorcharacters, and behavior
A person’s heredity and A person’s heredity and environment interact to environment interact to influence influence intelligenceintelligence
Helped to create modern Helped to create modern personality and IQ testspersonality and IQ tests
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Inheritable traits videoInheritable traits video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-vTgvTg
1:30 min1:30 min
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4) Gestalt Psychology4) Gestalt Psychology
““Whole Pattern” means Whole Pattern” means GestaltGestalt
Argued that perception Argued that perception is more than the is more than the sumsum of its parts.of its parts.
Forerunner for Forerunner for cognitivecognitive approaches approaches to the study of to the study of psychologypsychology
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Gestalt TheoryGestalt Theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxKcpfFvuf8v=nxKcpfFvuf8
4:14 minutes4:14 minutes
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Contemporary ApproachesContemporary Approaches
1.1. PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic
2.2. BehavioralBehavioral
3.3. HumanisticHumanistic
4.4. CognitiveCognitive
5.5. BiologicalBiological
6.6. Sociocultural ApproachSociocultural Approach
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1) Psychoanalytic 1) Psychoanalytic
SigmundSigmund Freud, more Freud, more interested in interested in unconscious mindunconscious mind
Believe that the Believe that the unconsciousunconscious mind mind controls your behaviorcontrols your behavior
http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUB85lSj4pMwatch?v=AUB85lSj4pM
2:30 min 2:30 min
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2) Behavioral 2) Behavioral
Ivan Pavlov, John B. Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. SkinnerWatson, B.F. Skinner
When you investigate When you investigate observableobservable behavior behavior
SkinnerSkinner- - Reinforcement, Reinforcement, response to behavior response to behavior that will increase that will increase likelihood or repeated likelihood or repeated behaviorbehavior
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Ivan Pavlov VideoIvan Pavlov Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMJJpbRx_O8&feature=relatedv=FMJJpbRx_O8&feature=related
1:50 min1:50 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=hhqumfpxuzIv=hhqumfpxuzI 3:55 min3:55 min
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B.F. Skinner VideoB.F. Skinner Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHAv=I_ctJqjlrHA
3:58 min3:58 min
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3) Humanistic3) Humanistic
Abraham Maslow, Carl Abraham Maslow, Carl RogersRogers
Each person has Each person has freedomfreedom in directing in directing his or her future and his or her future and potential to develop potential to develop
Emphasizes Emphasizes personalpersonal growthgrowth
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Maslow’s Hierarchy Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Videoof Needs Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKVULQ_S70Q&feature=fvwrelv=WKVULQ_S70Q&feature=fvwrel
1 min1 min
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4) Cognitive 4) Cognitive
Jean Piaget, Norm Jean Piaget, Norm ChomskyChomsky
Concerned with how Concerned with how thinkingthinking processes, processes, such as intelligence such as intelligence and problem solving, and problem solving, can be used to deal can be used to deal with problems or to with problems or to develop a healthy develop a healthy personalitypersonality
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5) Biological5) Biological
Biological factors Biological factors influence our influence our behaviorbehavior
Modern PET, MRI Modern PET, MRI scansscans
Genetic factors Genetic factors influence a wide range influence a wide range of human behaviorsof human behaviors
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6) Sociocultural6) Sociocultural
Studies the social and Studies the social and cultural influence on cultural influence on behaviorbehavior
Way we think, feel, Way we think, feel, behave may be linked behave may be linked to cultureto culture
Also concerned with Also concerned with issue of issue of gendergender and and socioeconomicsocioeconomic status status