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Chapter 10Chapter 10
Managing Careers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All
rights reserved.
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Questions This Chapter Will Help Managers AnswerQuestions This Chapter Will Help Managers Answer
What strategies might be used to help employees “self-manage” their careers?
What can supervisors do to improve their management of dual-career couples?
Why are the characteristics and environment of an employee’s first job so important?
What strategies are available for dealing with “plateaued” workers? What steps can managers take to do a better job of responding to the
special needs of workers in their early, middle, and late career stages?
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CareerCareer
The objective career
A career is a sequence of positions occupied by a person during the course of a lifetime
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CareerCareer (contd.)(contd.)
The subjective career
A career consists of a sense of where one is going in one’s work life
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Reasons Why Companies Should Not Ignore Career Reasons Why Companies Should Not Ignore Career IssuesIssues
Rising concerns for quality of work life and for personal life planning Pressures to expand workforce diversity throughout all levels of an
organization Rising educational levels and occupational aspirations, coupled with Slow economic growth and reduced opportunities for advancement
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Characteristics of Boundaryless CareersCharacteristics of Boundaryless Careers
Portable knowledge, skills, and abilities across multiple firmsPersonal identification with meaningful workOn-the-job action learningDevelopment of multiple networks of associates and peer-learning relationships, andResponsibility for managing one’s own career
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Psychological SuccessPsychological Success
… the feeling of pride and personal accomplishment that comes from achieving one’s most important goals in life, be they achievement, family happiness, inner peace, or something else.
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Career Management GuidelinesCareer Management Guidelines
1. Selecting a field of employment and an employer
2. Knowing where you are
3. Planning your exit
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Successful Management of Dual-Career CouplesSuccessful Management of Dual-Career Couples
Flexible work schedules
Company-supported child care
Customized career paths
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Reasons Why Employer-Supported Child Care Will Reasons Why Employer-Supported Child Care Will Continue to GrowContinue to Grow
Dual-career couples now comprise a preponderance of the workforce
There has been a significant rise in the number of single parents, over half of whom use child-care facilities
More and more, career-oriented women are arranging their lives to include motherhood and professional goals
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Organizational EntryOrganizational EntrySocializationSocialization
…refers to the mutual adaptation of the new employee and the new employer to one another
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Organizational EntryOrganizational EntryMentoringMentoring
A mentor is a teacher, an advisor, a sponsor, and a confidant
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Issues For Men and Women 35-55 Years of AgeIssues For Men and Women 35-55 Years of Age
An awareness of advancing age and an awareness of deathAn awareness of bodily changes related to agingKnowing how many career goals have been or will be
attainedA search for new life goalsA marked change in family relationships
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Issues Issues (contd.)(contd.)
A change in work relationship (“coach” vs. “rookie”)A growing sense of obsolescence at workA feeling of decreased mobility and increased concern for
job security
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Career PathsCareer Paths
Represent logical and possible sequences of positions that could be held, based on an analysis of what people actually do in an organization
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Figure 10-2Figure 10-2 Development of a Career System Composed Development of a Career System Composed of Individual Career Pathsof Individual Career Paths
Step 1 Analyze jobs to determine similarities and differences among them
Analyze jobs to determine similarities and differences among them
Step 2 Group jobs with similar behavioral requirements into job families
Group jobs with similar behavioral requirements into job families
Step 3 Identify career paths within and among job families
Identify career paths within and among job families
Step 4 Integrate the overall network of career paths into a single career system
Integrate the overall network of career paths into a single career system
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Figure 10-3Figure 10-3 Internal Moves in OrganizationsInternal Moves in Organizations
Transfers,Relocations
Demotions
Layoffs,Retirements,Resignations
Promotions
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DemotionsDemotions
… usually involve a cut in pay, status, privilege, or opportunity
… usually involve a cut in pay, status, privilege, or opportunity
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Layoff CostsLayoff Costs
Direct Costs Severance pay, pay in lieu of
notice Accrued vacation and sick pay Supplemental employment
benefits Outplacement Pension and benefit payoffs Administrative processing costs
Indirect Costs Recruiting and employment cost
of new hires Training and retraining Increase in unemployment tax
rate Potential charges of unfair
discrimination Low morale among remaining
employees Heightened insecurity and
reduced productivity
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Benefits of Job SharingBenefits of Job Sharing
Retention of experienced workers who would otherwise leave their jobs
Benefits continue Overtime is reduced Workers retain a career orientation and potential for upward mobility It eliminates the need for training a temporary employee
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Drawbacks of Job SharingDrawbacks of Job Sharing
There is a lack of job continuity Supervision is inconsistent Accountability is not centered in one person Non-salary expenses do not decrease, because many benefits are a
function of the employee, not the amount of pay When workers are represented by a union, seniority is bypassed, and
senior workers may resist sharing jobs
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ResignationsResignations
Impulsive quitters resign “on the spot” (as a result of sharp negative emotions) without any advance planning.
Comparison quitters rationally evaluate alternative jobs and are relatively free of strong negative emotions toward their former employers.
Preplanned quitters plan in advance to quit at a specific time in the future (e.g., upon reaching age 60).
Conditional quitters hold the view: “I will quit as soon as I get another job offer that meets certain conditions.”
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Key Terms Discussed in the ChapterKey Terms Discussed in the Chapter
Career Career success Career self-management Career planning Organizational entry Socialization Mentor Reverse mentoring Plateaued worker
Career paths Promotions Demotions Blended life course Self-assessment Impulsive quitter Comparison quitter Preplanned quitter Conditional quitter