Chapter 11: The Enlightenment
The Rococo Style
• The rococo style is defined as being softer and more delicate than the baroque.
The Rococo Style
• In France– The Salon• The most prominent of
the salon was held by Madame Geoffrin.• It was regarded as
bringing together the sexes in “good company.”
The Rococo Style
• In France– Antoine Watteau• He was one of the
most successful rococo painters.• His scenes were
peaceful and composed of pastel colors and dream atmospheres. The Music Lesson
The Rococo Style
• In France– Rosalba Carriera• She was a Venetian who
introduced the use of pastel crayons as a medium.
The Rococo Style
• In France– Ballet d’action• Created by the French, it was a ballet that
communicated through dramatic movements made by the dancers.
The Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment is defined as the belief that humans could perfect society through the application of intellect to human affairs.
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– The enlightened thinkers
of Paris.– Denis Diderot created
the Encyclopedia.
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– Voltaire• Probably the most influential of
all Philosophes.• He was intrigued by Newtonian
Law and in response championed the deist concept (that God created the universe to operate by rational law).
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– Voltaire• He was also the most famous
satirist of his age.• His most famous work was
Candide, which was a parody of rational enlightenment.
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– Jean-Jacques Rousseau• He wrote The Social Contract.• He codified Locke’s earlier
concepts of giving up natural rights for civil liberty in an organized society.• He also promoted the general will
or the collective interest of the citizens guided by their interests and virtue.
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– Adam Smith• He was regarded as a
philosophe but was not French.• He wrote The Wealth of
Nations giving birth to the concept of economics.
The Enlightenment
• The Philosophes– Adam Smith• He proposed the “Invisible Hand
Theory,” which stated that economics were determined by the law of supply and demand.• He developed the concept of
laissez faire in which economics benefitted without the interference of the state.
The Enlightenment
• The Bourgeoisie (the common) Response– The Novel• A long work of narrative fiction
with realistic characters and settings.• Jane Austen was regarded as the
one who perfected the medium.– Sense & Sensibility– Pride & Prejudice
The Enlightenment
• The Bourgeoisie (the common) Response– German Theater• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
authored Sturm and Drang (Storm and Stress) which was dedicated to German nationalism.
The Enlightenment
• Music– Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart• He was a master of the
galant style, a clear, lively, “natural” style when compared to the baroque.• He developed the motif or
melodic idea.
The Enlightenment
• Music– Joseph Haydn• He developed the
symphony in its Classical form, in which it is composed of four movements.
The Enlightenment
• Neoclassical Style– Was the art of recapturing the art of the ancient
Greeks and Romans.
The Enlightenment
• Neoclassical Style– Thomas Jefferson• He was a major proponent of the style of architecture.• Most prominently promoted in his own home
Monticello.
The Enlightenment
• Satire– The idea of poking fun at social evils with the
intent of fixing them.
The Enlightenment
• Satire– Voltaire– Jonathan Swift• A Modest Proposal
which pointed out the economic disparity between the English and the Irish.• He also penned
Gulliver’s Travels.