![Page 1: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11
The Urban Transition
![Page 2: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Outline• Defining Rural And Urban• The Proximate Determinants Of The
Urban Transition• The Urban Transition In The Context
Of The Demographic Transition
![Page 3: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter Outline• The Urban Evolution That
Accompanies The Urban Transition• Cities As Sustainable Environments
![Page 4: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Urban Transition• In 1850 - 2% of the entire population of
the world lived in cities of 100,000 or more people.
• By 1900 - that figure had risen to 6%.• By 1950 - it had risen to 16%.• In 2000 - virtually one in every two people
was living in a place labeled as urban.
![Page 5: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What Is Urban?• Urban means nonagricultural.• Rural means any place that is not urban. • Urban is a function of
population size space (land area) ratio of population to space economic and social organization
![Page 6: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Overview of Urbanization• Urbanization refers to the change in
the proportion of a population living in urban places.
• It is a relative measure ranging from 0% , if a population is entirely rural or agricultural, to 100%, if a population is entirely urban.
![Page 7: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Industrialized Nations Are Highly Urbanized
![Page 8: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Current Patterns of Urbanization• 24% of the countries of the world have
less than 33% of the population living in urban places.
• 43% of the world’s nations have between 33 and 65% of the population living in urban places.
• The remaining one-third of the world’s nations have 66% or more of their population residing in urban places.
![Page 9: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
World Urbanizing at Rapid Pace Since 1950
![Page 10: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Urban PopulationPercentage Urban
1950 1975 2000 2030
North America 64% 74% 77% 85%
Latin America and Caribbean
41% 61% 75% 84%
Europe 52% 67% 73% 81%
Oceania 62% 71% 74% 77%
Africa 14% 25% 37% 53%
Asia 17% 25% 38% 54%
![Page 11: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Source of Urbanization• The underlying source is the rate of
natural increase of the rural population. • The decline in death rates in rural places,
without a commensurate drop in the birth rate, has led to overpopulation in rural areas and causes people to seek employment elsewhere.
• The speed of urbanization depends partly on the difference in the rates of natural increase between urban and rural areas.
![Page 12: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Urbanization and Fertility• By the early 1990s, fewer than 2% of
women in the U.S. of reproductive age were living on farms.
• Their fertility was only slightly higher than the other 98% of the population.
• In rural areas, large families may be useful, but even if they are not, a family can “take care of” too many members by encouraging migration to the city.
![Page 13: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Largest Metropolitan Areas in United States
Metropolitan areaPopulation
(millions) in 2005
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
18.3
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
12.4
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI9.1
![Page 14: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Largest Metropolitan Areas in United States
Metropolitan areaPopulation
(millions) in 2005
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE
5.7
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 5.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL
5.0
![Page 15: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Largest Metropolitan Areas in United States
Metropolitan areaPopulation (millions) in
2005
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD
4.8
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX 4.7
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI 4.5
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH 4.4
![Page 16: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
World’s Largest Urban Agglomerations
![Page 17: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Suburbanization• After 1920, the suburbs began to grow in
population at a faster pace than the central cities.
• Two factors related to suburbanization: People’s desire to live in the less-
crowded environment of the outlying areas.
Increasing wealth and the availability of transportation, especially automobiles.
![Page 18: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Trends• There has been a westward tilt to
urbanization in the U.S. which has facilitated suburbanization through the creation of new places.
• Many of those new places are edge cities within the suburbs, replacing the functions of the old central city.
• Older parts of cities have been gentrified.
![Page 19: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regional Segregation• Beginning in the 1930s, the proportion of
whites living in central cities declined and the proportion of African-Americans rose.
• From 1910–30, there was a substantial movement of African-Americans out of the South to cities of the North and the West.
• The urban population of African-Americans grew by more than 3% per year during that 20-year period.
![Page 20: Chapter 11 The Urban Transition. Chapter Outline Defining Rural And Urban The Proximate Determinants Of The Urban Transition The Urban Transition In The](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ee15503460f94bf2215/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Factors that Maintained Regional Segregation1. Discriminatory mortgage lending
policies.2. African-Americans who sought housing
in white areas faced intimidation and violence.
3. After World War II, suburbs developed strategies for keeping African-Americans out.
4. Federally sponsored public housing encouraged segregation in many cities.