Download - Chapter 12 powerpoint
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Essentials of Fire Fighting6th Edition
Firefighter I
Chapter 12 — Ground Ladders
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Describe different construction types of ground ladders.
Learning Objective 1
12–2
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Identify the parts of a ladder including markings and labels.
Learning Objective 2
12–3
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Ground ladder construction is regulated by two NFPA® standards.
12–4
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Firefighters should know the basic parts of a ladder.
12–5
(Cont.)
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Firefighters should know the basic parts of a ladder.
12–6
(Cont.)
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Firefighters should know the basic parts of a ladder.
12–7
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the basic parts of fire service ladders?
12–8
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Materials used for ladders must meet NFPA® 1931 specifications.
12–9
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Ladder materials have various advantages and disadvantages.
12–10
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REVIEW QUESTION
How does a fire service ladder constructed of metal differ from one
constructed of fiberglass?
12–11
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Fire service ladders must have required markings and labels.
12–12
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Ladders must have a certification label and other warning labels.
12–13
Ladder positionin
g label
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REVIEW QUESTION
What types of markings and labels do fire service ladders have?
12–14
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Recognize the types of ladders used in the fire service.
Learning Objective 3
12–15
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Single ladders are also called wall or straight ladders.
12–16
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Roof ladders are equipped with folding hooks to anchor the ladder.
12–17
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Folding ladders are often single ladders used for interior attic access.
12–18
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Extension ladders are made up of a base section and fly sections.
12–19
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Combination ladders are designed to be self-supporting.
12–20
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NFPA® 1901 contains information on apparatus-mounted ground ladders.
12–21
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REVIEW QUESTION
How do the five types of ladders used in the fire service compare
with one another?
12–22
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Explain the considerations addressed by ladder inspection, cleaning, and maintenance.
Learning Objective 4
12–23
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Some elements must be inspected on all types of ladders.
12–24
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WARNING!
Any ladder that has been subjected to direct flame contact, has been exposed to high heat, or has a heat sensor label that has changed color is unsafe for use and should be removed from service for testing.
12–25
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There are inspection elements specific to each type of ladder.
12–26
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CAUTION!
Any indication of deterioration of the wood is reason for the ladder to be removed from service until it can be service tested.
12–27
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Once inspection is complete, select the correct procedure to follow.
12–28
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Service testing must be performed to ensure a ladder is fit for use.
12–29
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REVIEW QUESTION
What types of information do general ladder inspections look for?
12–30
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Cleaning is more than just a matter of appearance, it can also impact function.
12–31
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Maintenance and repair are two different processes firefighters should understand.
12–32
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the general maintenance requirements for ground ladders?
12–33
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Describe safety guidelines used when handling ladders.
Learning Objective 5
12–34
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Explain considerations taken when selecting, lifting, and lowering a ladder.
Learning Objective 6
12–35
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There are several ladder safety guidelines firefighters should know.
12–36
(Cont.)
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WARNING!
Ladders coming in contact with power sources may result in electrocution of anyone in contact with the ladder.
12–37
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There are several ladder safety guidelines firefighters should know.
12–38
(Cont.)
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There are several ladder safety guidelines firefighters should know.
12–39
(Cont.)
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WARNING!
Sliding down a ladder either feet first or head first – even in an emergency – is unsafe and may result in serious injury or death.
12–40
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There are several ladder safety guidelines firefighters should know.
12–41
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the guidelines for safely carrying, raising, lowering, and working on ladders?
12–42
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The IC considers several factors when deciding where to place the ladder.
12–43
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Ladder selection also requires other important information.
12–44
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There are several guidelines to use for ladder length selection.
12–45
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A ladder’s reach is not the same as the designated length.
12–46
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REVIEW QUESTION
What factors must be considered when selecting a ladder placement location?
12–47
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Use proper lifting and lowering techniques to prevent personal injuries.
12–48
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REVIEW QUESTION
What techniques should be used to prevent personal injuries when lifting and lowering ladders?
12–49
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Describe various methods for ladder carries.
Learning Objective 7
12–50
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Ladder carry requirements vary depending on the type.
12–51
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Methods to remove ladders from apparatus depend on ladder location.
12–52
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
How are the ground ladders mounted on the different apparatus in your jurisdiction? Have you observed ladders being removed from racks, compartments, or a mechanically operated rack?
12–53
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Firefighters must know certain information when using ground ladders on apparatus.
12–54
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Procedures for removing side and top mounted ladders differ from flat mounted ladders.
12–55
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REVIEW QUESTION
What information must a firefighter know in order to use ground ladders?
12–56
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The one-firefighter low-shoulder carry is for some single and roof ladders.
12–57
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CAUTION!
Carrying the forward end of a ladder at eye level impedes the carrier’s balance and visibility and increases the risk of the butt spurs striking someone else in the head.
12–58
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The two-firefighter low-shoulder carry is also for some single and roof ladders.
12–59
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The three-firefighter flat-shoulder carry is typically used on extension ladders.
12–60
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The three-firefighter flat arm’s length carry begins with the fly section up.
12–61
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The four-firefighter flat-shoulder carry is similar to the three person method.
12–62
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The two-firefighter arm’s length on-edge carry is best with lightweight ladders.
12–63
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There are some general procedures to use for carrying roof ladders.
12–64
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Identify basic considerations and requirements for ground ladder
placement.
Learning Objective 8
12–65
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Ladder placement responsibilities are often shared by different personnel.
12–66
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There are two objectives when placing ground ladders.
12–67
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Positioning will vary based on the task being accomplished.
12–68
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Other ladder placement guidelines are also important to know.
12–69
(Cont.)
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Other ladder placement guidelines are also important to know.
12–70
(Cont.)
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Other ladder placement guidelines are also important to know.
12–71
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are the two objectives that must be met when placing ground ladders?
12–72
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The distance of the butt end from the building is what determines ladder angle.
12–73
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There are several ways to determine proper distance for ladder angles.
12–74
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REVIEW QUESTION
How can a firefighter determine the proper distance between the heel of the ladder and the building?
12–75
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Describe various methods for ladder raises.
Learning Objective 9
12–76
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Methods for ladder raises require teamwork, smoothness, and rhythm.
12–77
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The transition from ladder carry to raise should be done in one smooth motion.
12–78
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Several considerations must be addressed before raising a ladder.
12–79
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WARNING!
All ladders will conduct electricity, especially when wet, regardless of their construction material.
12–80
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Several considerations must be addressed before raising a ladder.
12–81
(Cont.)
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Several considerations must be addressed before raising a ladder.
12–82
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The one-firefighter raise can be used for both single and extension ladders.
12–83
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There is little difference if the ladder is parallel or perpendicular to the building for two-firefighter raises.
12–84
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The three-firefighter flat raise can be used for heavier ladders.
12–85
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The four-firefighter flat raise can be used for heavier extension ladders.
12–86
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There are a number of ways a roof ladder can be deployed.
12–87
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REVIEW QUESTION
What considerations must be addressed before raising a ladder?
12–88
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Compare procedures for moving ground ladders.
Learning Objective 10
12–89
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Two firefighters are required to pivot a ladder when needed.
12–90
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Shifting raised ground ladders should be limited to short distances.
12–91
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REVIEW QUESTION
What are two methods of safely moving a ground ladder after it
has been raised?
12–92
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Explain the methods used to secure ladders.
Learning Objective 11
12–93
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Ground ladders must be secured whenever firefighters are climbing or working from the ladder.
12–94
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There are several methods that can be used for heeling a ladder.
12–95
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Tying in secures the ladder to a fixed object and should be done if possible.
12–96
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REVIEW QUESTION
How do the two methods used for securing ladders compare with one another?
12–97
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Describe ladder climbing considerations.
Learning Objective 12
12–98
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There are several factors to consider when climbing ladders.
12–99
(Cont.)
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There are several factors to consider when climbing ladders.
12–100
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REVIEW QUESTION
How can a firefighter climb a ladder so that there is the least possible amount of bounce and sway?
12–101
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Indicate what methods can be used to work from a ladder.
Learning Objective 13
12–102
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Firefighters may be required to work with both hands while standing on a ground ladder.
12–103
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WARNING!
Do not exceed the rated load capacity of the ladder. To avoid overloading the ladder, allow only one firefighter on each section of a ladder at the same time. Be careful about stressing ladders laterally.
12–104
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When working from a ladder, the ladder belt must be tightly strapped around your waist.
12–105
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WARNING!
Use a leg lock only when working from a ground ladder. Never use a leg lock on an aerial ladder. Extending or retracting the ladder could result in serious injury.
12–106
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REVIEW QUESTION
What methods can be used to secure a firefighter to a ladder when
performing work?
12–107
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Explain methods used for assisting a victim down a ladder.
Learning Objective 14
12–108
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Assisting a victim through a window requires specific placement.
12–109
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At least four firefighters are needed to bring victims down the ground ladder.
12–110
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The method chosen depends on whether the victim is conscious or unconscious.
12–111
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Victim size also plays a part in the method used for lowering.
12–112
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REVIEW QUESTION
How many firefighters are needed to bring a victim down a ladder?
12–113
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• Ground ladders are an essential tool used to access levels above and below ground level.
• You must know the types of ground ladders your department uses, the parts and construction materials, and how to care for and maintain them.
Summary
12–114
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• You must be able to select, carry, and place them to effectively gain access and perform your assigned tasks.
• You must know the correct methods for safely climbing, working from, and assisting victims down ground ladders.
Summary
12–115
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Clean, inspect, and maintain a ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-1.
Learning Objective 15
12–116
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Carry a ladder – One-firefighter low-shoulder method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-2.
Learning Objective 16
12–117
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Carry a ladder – Two-firefighter low-shoulder method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-3.
Learning Objective 17
12–118
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Carry a ladder – Three-firefighter flat-shoulder method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-4.
Learning Objective 18
12–119
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Carry a ladder – Three-firefighter flat-arm's length method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-5.
Learning Objective 19
12–120
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Carry a ladder – Two-firefighter arm’s length on-edge method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-6.
Learning Objective 20
12–121
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Tie the halyard.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-7.
Learning Objective 21
12–122
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Raise a ladder – One-firefighter method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-8.
Learning Objective 22
12–123
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Raise a ladder – Two-firefighter flat raise.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-9.
Learning Objective 23
12–124
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Raise a ladder – Two-firefighter beam raise.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-10.
Learning Objective 24
12–125
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Raise a ladder – Three- or four-firefighter flat raise.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-11.
Learning Objective 25
12–126
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Deploy a roof ladder – One-firefighter method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-12.
Learning Objective 26
12–127
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Pivot a ladder – Two-firefighter method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-13.
Learning Objective 27
12–128
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Shift a ladder – One-firefighter method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-14.
Learning Objective 28
12–129
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Shift a ladder – Two-firefighter method.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-15.
Learning Objective 29
12–130
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Heel a ground ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-16.
Learning Objective 30
12–131
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Leg lock on a ground ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-17.
Learning Objective 31
12–132
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Assist a conscious victim down a ground ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-18.
Learning Objective 32
12–133
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Assist an unconscious victim down a ground ladder.
This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 12-I-19.
Learning Objective 33
12–134