Download - Chapter 12 Race And Ethnicity
CHAPTER 12Race and Ethnicity
Race: Myth and Reality
Myth 1 - Idea That Any Race is Superior All Races Have Geniuses and Idiots Genocide Still Around Genocide: the systematic annihilation or
attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethic group
Race: physical characteristics that distinguish one group from another
Ethnicity: having distinctive cultural characteristics
Race: Myth and Reality
Myth 2 - Idea that Any Race is Pure Human Characteristics Flow Endlessly Together
Ethnic Groups
Race Refers to Biological Characteristics Ethnicity Refers to Cultural
Characteristics Common Ancestry Cultural Heritage Nations of Origin
Minority and Dominant Groups
Minority group: people ho are not singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination Example – Women are a minority all
over the world Dominant group: the group with
the most power, greatest privileges, and highest social status Dominant group does the
discriminating
Emergence of Minority Groups
Minority Groups Occur Because of…
Expansion of Political Boundaries
Migration
Constructing Racial-Ethnic Identity
Sense of Ethnicity Relative Size Power Appearance Discrimination
Ethnic Work and the Melting Pot Ethnic work: activities designed to discover,
enhance, or maintain ethnic and racial identification
Melting pot: the view that Americans of various backgrounds would blend into a sort of ethnic stew
Prejudice and Discrimination
Learning Prejudice Prejudice vs. Discrimination
Prejudice: an attitude or prejudging, usually
in a negative way
Discrimination: an act of unfair treatment
directed against an individual or group
Discrimination is Action
Learning from Association
Prejudice and Discrimination
Far-Reaching Nature of Prejudice
Internalizing Dominant Norms
Media
Group Membership
Individual and Institutional Discrimination
Individual discrimination: the negative treatment of one person by another on the basis of that person’s perceived characteristics
Institutional discrimination: the negative treatment of a minority group that is built into a society’s institutions; also called systematic discrimination
Health Care
Home Mortgage and Car Loans
Theories of Prejudice
Psychological Perspectives
Frustration and Scapegoats Scapegoat: an individual or group unfairly
blamed for someone else’s troubles The Authoritarian Personality: Theodore
Adorno’s term for people who are prejudiced and rank high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissiveness to superiors
Theories of Prejudice
Sociological Perspectives Functionalism Conflict Theory
Reserve labor force: the unemployed; unemployed workers are thought of as being “in reserve” – capitalists take them out of reserve (put them back into work) during times of high production and then lay them off (put them back in reserve) when they are no longer needed
Split labor market: workers split along racial, ethnic, gender, age, or any other lines; this split is exploited by owners to weaken the bargaining power of workers
Symbolic Interactionism Labels Create Prejudice Self-Fulfilling Prophesy
Selective perception: seeing certain features of an object or situation, but remaining blind to others
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Genocide: the systematic annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethic group
Population Transfer: forcing a minority group to leave
Internal Colonialism: the policy of economically exploiting minority groups
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Segregation: the policy of keeping racial-ethnic groups apart
Assimilation: the process of being absorbed into the mainstream culture
Multiculturalism (Pluralism): a philosophy or political policy that permits or encourages ethnic differences
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Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Europeans Americans
Nation’s Founders Included Only Those
from England (WASPs) WASP: White, Anglo-Saxon Protestant;
narrowly, an American
Other “White” Europeans Inferior White ethnics: white immigrants to the
U.S. whose cultures differ from that of WASPs
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Latinos (Hispanics)
Numbers Origins, Location
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Latinos (Hispanics)
Spanish Language Diversity Comparative Conditions
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: African-Americans The Struggle for Civil Rights Rising Expectations and Civil Strife
Rising expectations: the sense that better conditions are soon to follow, which, if unfulfilled, increases frustration
Continued Gains Current Losses Race or Social Class? Racism as an Everyday Burden
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Asian-Americans Background of Discrimination Diversity Reasons for Success
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States: Native Americans Diversity of Groups From Treaties to Genocide and Population
Transfer The Invisible Minority and Self-
Determination Pan-Indianism: a movement that focuses
on common elements in the cultures of Native Americans in order to develop a cross-tribal self-identity and to work toward the welfare of all Native Americans
Looking Towards the Future
The Immigration Debate
Affirmative Action
Towards a True Multicultural Society