Download - Chapter 12 Sec. 1
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Chapter 12 Sec. 1
World War I Breaks Out
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World War I
Began in 1914 and ended in 1918 Called the “Great War” because there were
so many countries involved
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4 MAIN Causes (Long-Term) of WWI
Militarism- glorification of military; policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
Alliances- agreement between countries to support each other in case of war
Imperialism- policy used by strong countries to gain social, political, and economic control over foreign territories
Nationalism- love of one’s country; patriotism
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Nationalism
Strong in the Balkans Led to instability in this
area because of different ethnic groups and rivalry over territory
Area known as the “powder keg” of Europe
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Militarism
Major European powers believed that disputes should be settled on the battlefield
Engaged in arms race to develop large armies and more powerful weapons
Led to formation of alliances
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Alliances
Result of militarism
Two Alliances formed BEFORE the War:1. Triple Entente- Britain, Russia, France2 Triple Alliance- Germany, Italy, Austria-HungaryAlliances DURING the War:1. Allied Powers- Britain, France, Russia, Italy Serbia
(later joined by US)2. Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman
Empire (Turkey), Bulgaria
30 nations involved in this war
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What triggered the war?
June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated when he went to Bosnia
Assassinated by Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia sparking allies to join in on both sides
Result: World War I began
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New Weapons and Fighting Tactics
Trench Warfare No-man’s-land Machine guns Tanks Poison gas Submarines (U-Boats) Airplanes
Dogfights Top German: Manfred von Richtofen AKA “Red
Baron” Top American: Edward Rickenbacker
Zeppelins (blimps)
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Ch. 12 Sec. 2
The United States Goes to War
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US Approach Before the War
As a country: Took position of neutrality Viewed as strictly European matter Isolationists- stay out of other countries’
affairs
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Citizens: Sympathized with European countries
because many citizens were immigrants Most sided with Allied Powers Propaganda influenced opinions
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What caused the US to enter the War?
1. Sinking of the Lusitania May 7, 1915 German U-Boat sank
British ship Lusitania which had 128 Americans on board
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2. Sussex Pledge Violated Sussex Pledge- promise by Germany that
they would not attack ships without warning (1916)
Germany resumed full-scale U-Boat warfare in 1917
Hoped that they could defeat allies before US joined the war
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3. Zimmermann Note Sent in 1917 by Arthur Zimmermann of
Germany to Mexico Proposed a secret alliance against the US
saying that Germany would help Mexico get the land back that they lost in the Mexican-American war if they helped Germany win the war
Telegram intercepted by Great Britain
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4. Russian Revolution The Communist Party (Bolsheviks) took
over in Russia in 1917 US felt it was their duty to protect
democracy Russia backed out of the war
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Preparing for War
1916 Wilson passed the National Defense Act Increased the size of the army from 90,000 to
175,000 Still did not enter the war, just preparing
Due to the German violation of Sussex Pledge and the Zimmermann Note the US could not avoid war
Congress declared war on April 4, 1917
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Mobilizing the Troops
Selective Service Act passed May 17, 1914 Required men ages 21-30 to register for draft Later changed to 18-45 More than ½ of soldiers who served in the war
were drafted
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The US Entry into WWI
Germany attacks several passenger ships (Sussex, Lusitania)
March 1916
Pres. Wilson threatens to cut diplomatic ties; Germany makes the Sussex Pledge
Germany resumes full scale U-boat warfare
US begins to prepare for war; arming ships; cut diplomatic ties
February 1917
Zimmermann Note discovered and published in American newspapers
Note proves German hostility towards Americans and the war
The Senate declares war
US joins the war on the side of the Allies
March 1917April 1917
EVENT
SIGNIFICANCE
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Ch. 12 Sec. 3
The War at Home
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Mobilizing the Nation
Raising Money War cost $35 billion for
US Liberty Bonds and
Victory Bonds sold Increased taxes
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Conserving Resources Food Administration and Fuel Administration
created 2 Goals
Encourage increased agricultural production Conserve existing food supplies
Victory gardens Limit wheat and meat intake Encouraged to ration food
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War Industries Board (WIB) Created to allocate scarce materials, establish
production priorities, and set prices
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Mobilizing Workers
National War Labor Board (NWLB) created in 1918 Settled disputes between workers and
employers Labor shortage strengthened unions Women entered workforce to do “men’s jobs”
Role in WWI led to the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 (women’s suffrage)
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Great Migration
Higher wages and more job opportunities caused Great Migration 1915-1930 Thousands of African Americans moved North
to escape discrimination and take advantage of job opportunities
Allowed for a better standard of living Discrimination still existed
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Great Migration-states in blue represent largest population gain; states in red represent largest population loss
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Propaganda and Government Control
Committee on Public Information (CPI) created in 1917
Created propaganda to encourage Americans to support war
Resulted in discrimination towards German-Americans
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Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918) Outlawed acts of treason Made it illegal to speak, write, or print anything
disloyal about the government, flag, or military