Download - Chapter 13
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Introduction to Fire Protection3rd Edition
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Chapter 13
Emergency Incident Management
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Objectives
• Explain the need for a plan at every incident• Differentiate between offensive, defensive, and
transition modes of attack• Explain the need for organized thought
processes in incident assessment• Describe the strategic priorities at an incident• Explain the terms strategy, tactics, and tasks
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Objectives (con’t.)
• Explain the need for size-up of an incident• Explain how a size-up is performed and what
information must be communicated• Describe the NIIMS Incident Command System• Explain the need for unified command on a
multijurisdictional incident
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Introduction
• Every firefighter at a scene is responsible for assisting in the control of the incident– Size-up the incident
– Apply strategic priorities in proper order
– Assist person in command
• Incident command system aids in effective management– Presents structures that are adaptable to all
types of incidents
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Management Responsibility
• First-in officer initiates the plan• All firefighters at scene must:
– Remain alert
– Be aware of the plan and the hazards present
• Standard rule– “Victims do not arrive at the scene in fire trucks”
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Planning
• Every incident must have a plan• Establish objectives first• Determine strategies to accomplish objectives• Plans must be flexible to address changes in
the incident as it progresses
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Planning (con’t.)
• Operational modes– Offensive
• Aggressive, direct attack
– Defensive• Protecting exposures, indirect attack
– Transition• Using different modes on areas of incident• Coordinate to avoid conflicting tactics• Requires clear communication
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Strategic Priorities
• Seven areas– Rescue
– Exposures
– Confinement
– Extinguishment
– Overhaul
– Salvage
– Ventilation
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Strategic Priorities (con’t.)
• Rescue– This is first strategic priority
– May have to be delayed while hose lines are placed between victims and fire
• Exposures– Prevent fire from spreading to adjoining
structures or improvements
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Strategic Priorities (con’t.)
• Confinement– Attack from unburned toward burned
– Cut off spread of fire
• Extinguishment– Putting fire out or stopping leak of hazardous
materials
• Overhaul– Search for hidden fire
– Make sure all fire is out
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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Strategic Priorities (con’t.)
• Salvage– Save contents of building from additional
damage
– May be concurrent with other operations
• Ventilation– May have to happen before any of the other
priorities are attempted
– Can be performed at any time during operation
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Tactics
• Methods to accomplish objectives– Interior search
– Laying supply lines
– Advancing hose lines to seat of fire
– Cutting holes in roof to release smoke and heat
– Spreading salvage covers
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Tasks
• Jobs completed in a specified amount of time– Don SCBA
– Advance hose lines
– Raise (throw) ladders
– Cut holes
– Operate equipment
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Size-Up
• Ongoing mental process that results in a plan• Components
– Facts
– Probabilities
– Situation
– Decision
– Plan of operation
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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Size-Up (con’t.)
• Continues as operations are carried out because situations change
• Always critique incidents afterward– Look for what went right
– Look for what went wrong
– Don’t make the same mistakes twice
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Vegetation Fire Size-Up / Report of Conditions
• Correct location• Size• Fuel type• Slope and aspect• Rate of spread
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Vegetation Fire Size-Up / Report of Conditions (con’t.)
• Exposures in path• Weather conditions• Potential of the fire• Additional resources needed• Objectives
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Structure Fire Size-Up / Report of Conditions
• Correct location• Height/stories• Size and type of structure• Location and area involved• Level of involvement
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Structure Fire Size-Up / Report of Conditions (con’t.)
• Exposures• Potential of fire• Additional resources needed• Objectives• Obtain an “all clear”
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Command System
• National Incident Management System (NIMS)– Created under HSPD-5 (Management of
Domestic Incidents)
– Compliance of all federal agencies and departments
– To prepare for, prevent, respond to and recover from domestic incidents
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Command System (con’t.)
• National Incident Management System (NIMS) (con’t.)– Five components
• Incident Command System (ICS)• Preparedness• Communications and Information Management• Joint Information Systems (JIS)• NIMS Integration Center (NIC)
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Command System (con’t.)
• National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS)– Provides a common system for federal, state,
and local levels
• National Interagency Fire Qualification System (NIFQS)– Qualification, training, and certification of
personnel
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Command System (con’t.)
• ICS– System based on “Principles of Command” (see
Chapter 7) – Basic organizational structure for all types of
emergencies
– Large or small incidents
– Simple or complex in nature
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• Common terminology– For organizational functions, resource elements,
and facilities
• Modular organization (see Figure 13-1)– Expands and contracts in a logical manner
• Integrated communications– Uses clear text (no codes)
Components of the ICS
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Components of the ICS(con’t.)
• Unified command structure– Regardless of jurisdiction or function
• Consolidated action plans– Unified objectives
• Manageable span of control– 3 to 7 with 5 the optimum
• Predesignated incident facilities– Base, camp, Incident Command Post
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Components of the ICS(con’t.)
• Comprehensive resource management– Single resource, task force, strike team
• Resource status– Assigned: in use at the incident
– Available: able to respond in three minutes or less
– Out-of-service: not ready for immediate deployment; may be in base or camp
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization
• Five areas of ICS– Command
– Operations
– Plans
– Logistics
– Finance
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization (con’t.)
• Command– Incident commander and command staff
– Safety officer
– Liaison officer
– Public information officer
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization (con’t.)
• Operations– Operations chief and subordinates
– Staging area manager
– Branch director
– Division: based on geography
– Group: functional in nature, may cross divisional boundaries
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization (con’t.)
• Plans– Plans chief and staff
– Resources unit
– Situation unit
– Documentation unit
– Demobilization unit
– Technical specialists
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization (con’t.)
• Logistics– Logistics chief
– Service branch
– Supply branch
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Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Organization (con’t.)
• Finance– Finance chief
– Time unit
– Procurement unit
– Compensation/claims unit
– Cost unit
– Incident type sections
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Incident Command System (con’t.)
• Advantages of ICS– All positions are identified before incident
happens
– Personnel that staff positions are ready to assume positions
– Teams can be brought in from different locations because of standardization
– Adaptable to any type of incident
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff
Summary
• At any incident, ask three questions:– What do you have?– What do you need?– What is your plan?
• Effective management requires a plan– Includes strategies, tactics, and size-up
• Incident command system is a method of placing a plan into operation