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Chapter 13:Classical Composers: Haydn and Mozart
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Vienna: Home to Classical Composers• Viennese School: Classical style epitomized by
composers such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert; “Viennese Classical Style”
• Capital of the Old Holy Roman Empire
• Fourth largest city in Europe
• Cosmopolitan center
• Attracted musicians from throughout Europe
• Aristocratic patrons
• Public concerts
• Amateur performers
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Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)• First of the great composers to move to Vienna
• Serves as a choirboy and studied composition, violin, and keyboard at Saint Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna
• 1750’s: Worked as a freelance musician
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Haydn• 1761: Engaged as music director for the court of
Hungarian Prince Nikolaus Esterházy– Worked there for nearly thirty years (1761-1790)
– Conducted the prince’s personal orchestra
– Composed music ordered by the prince
– Unauthorized copies of his music made its was to Vienna and other foreign capitals
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Haydn• London tours– Two trips: 1791-1792 & 1794-1785
– Composed set of 12 symphonies known as the “London Symphonies”
• Influential creator of the mature Classical style
• 106 Symphonies, 70 string quartets, operas, 52 piano sonatas, 14 Masses, 2 oratorios
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)• Born in Salzburg, Austria to a musical family
• Displayed extraordinary talent at on early age– Most famous child prodigy in history
• Toured throughout Europe– Exposure to a wealth of musical styles
• 1770’s: Court musician in Salzburg
• 1781-1791: Free-lance musician in Vienna– Peak of success: 1785-1787
– Final years plagued by ill health and financial difficulties
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Mozart• Possibly the greatest musical genius the world has
ever known
• Compositions display diversity, breadth of expression, and perfect formal control that is only matched by the works of J.S. Bach