Download - Chapter 13outlinept3
![Page 1: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Great Paleozoic Extinction
• The formation of Pangea resulted in a much dryer climate.
• By the end Permian 57% of the amphibian families declined and plants decreased in number and variety.
• Many marine organisms did not adapt or survive.
• The estimate is that 80-95% of all marine organisms became extinct because they could not adapt.
![Page 2: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Dies out and Why?
• _________ great extinctions1. 440 m.y.a.~ only a few species survived2. 370 m.y.a. ~70% of marine invertebrates3. 225 m.y.a. ~ 80-96% of marine species4. 200 m.y.a. ~ many sea and land species5. 65 m.y.a. ~ 33% of all species. All marine
reptiles, dinosaurs, etc.
![Page 3: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Causes Extinction
• ***** _________• _________• _________• _________• _________
Extinctions are _________ causing evolutionary changes.
![Page 4: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Each of the five extinctions wiped out large masses of families and species and in each case the survivors having little or no competition diversified to fill the vacated niches.
![Page 5: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mesozoic Era: Age of Reptiles
This era is divided into three periods:
• Cretaceous• Jurassic• Triassic
![Page 6: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mesozoic History
• Much of North America is above sea level.
• By the end of the Jurassic period shallow seas (epicontinental seas) invaded western North America, the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
• These shallow seas eventually formed gigantic swamps and later developed into coal deposits.
![Page 7: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Pangea begins to break up. • The eastern part of the United States
splits from Africa giving birth to the Atlantic Ocean.
• The western part of North America pushes westward over riding the Pacific plate causing tectonic activity to increase resulting in the formation of the Rocky Mountains.
![Page 8: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mesozoic Life
• On land life adapted to a dryer climate flourished.
• _________ or seed bearing plants develop taking advantage of nutrient rich soils.
• They became the dominant plant of the Mesozoic.
![Page 9: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Gymnosperms include:• _________ – resemble a large
pineapple plant • _________ – cone bearing – includes
pine, firs, and junipers• _________ – fan-like leaves
![Page 10: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Shelled Egg vs The Egg Without A Shell
Amphibian Eggs:• _________• _________• _________• _________
![Page 11: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• _________• _________• _________• _________
Reptile Eggs
![Page 12: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reptiles Dominate
Lets take a look at the land the dinosaurs lived on and then take a good look at the evolution of reptiles………
![Page 13: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Oldest ( reptiles )
• Are _________ million years old• Many were small and squatty looking• A few actually walked upright• At first they were not huge like they
became later.
![Page 14: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What was it for?
Some early dinosaurs had a fin on their back.
• _________
• _________
![Page 15: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why did the dinosaurs become so large?
• When the climate becomes _________, reptiles will become larger and dominate.
• As the climate _________, mammals will become large and dominate
![Page 16: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Would there have been…….
•more herbivores or more carnivores?
• _________
![Page 17: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sauropods
• Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus)
• Brachiosaurus• Superiosarus
All had long necks, large bodies and were herbivores
![Page 18: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cretaceous
• No grasses yet, but we already have flowering plants
• _________ – herbivores that could chew their food.
• _________ – could not chew their food (gizzard).
• _________ – bird like dinosaurs including veloceraptor.
• Reptiles radiate until they even occupy the poles.
![Page 19: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Flying reptiles not dinosaurs:They were pterosaurs – flying reptiles
![Page 20: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Jurassic
• Dinosaurs split in to two groups:
_________
_________
![Page 21: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What do we know about T. Rex adults?
Most likely a _________ because?
• _________• _________. • Thigh bone to long to be
able to run fast. Compare to birds who are fast. T. Rex was a better _________.
• Great sense of _________ l.
• _________– optic nerve very small.
![Page 22: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How did carnivores get their food?
1. _________.
2. _________.
3. _________.
![Page 23: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Reptiles at the poles, how is this possible?
1. _________.2. _________.
![Page 24: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Is it possible that…..
Some of the smaller dinosaurs were warm blooded.
If that is true, then is it possible that some of them could have evolved into :
_________
![Page 25: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Original birds
has feathers, some could fly, had teeth
EX: _________ - could fly _________
![Page 26: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dinosaur Extinction
![Page 27: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What was the over all reason for dinosaur extinction ?
_________This was caused by:
1. _________
2. _________3. _________
![Page 28: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
This directly affect the dinosaurs by?
1. _________2. _________3. _________4. _________
![Page 29: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cenozoic Era
Age of _________ - 65 m.y.a.
The Cenozoic is divided into two periods:
Quaternary – the last 2 million years
Tertiary
![Page 30: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cenozoic Life
• Mammals become the dominant form of life.
• Angiosperms – flowering plants with covered seeds replace gymnosperms as the dominant land plant.
• _________ influence the development of both birds and mammals.
![Page 31: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• _________ develop by the Tertiary period making them one of the newest plants.
• This fostered the emergence of herbivorous mammals that later established conditions for carnivore evolution.
![Page 32: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Warmblooded means:
1- a constant _________2- a need to _________3- more _________ organisms4- development of _________, more
efficient _________ and lungs, _________ to nourish young
![Page 33: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mammal diversification adaptations include:
1- increase in _________2- increase in _________3- specialization of _________ to better
accommodate a particular diet4- specialization of _________ to better
equip the animal for life in a particular environment
![Page 34: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Original Mammals
1. _________ : ex: _________ _________
![Page 35: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Original Mammals
2. _________ :
pouched mammals
EX: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
![Page 36: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Original Mammals
3. _________ : ex: all modern mammals
![Page 37: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Large Mammals and Extinction
• Many large mammals existed until 11,000 years ago.
• This list includes:• Mammoth• Saber-toothed cats• Horses• Giant ground sloths• Large beaver• Giant bison• Camels
![Page 38: Chapter 13outlinept3](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070315/55508c62b4c905a85c8b4e21/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Human’s Affect Other Species
• Humans may have played a part in the extinction of the animals, but there must be a much better reason. What could it be?
• If an animal can reproduce at a rate that is ____% higher than a competing organism, the animal with the higher birth rate will win out and survive while its competitor will become extinct.