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CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14
Descent into War, 1861 - 1862
Web
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War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861
Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion” States make decision on secession Northern advantage
Population Industry
Southern advantages Could fight defensive war Military academies Cotton
Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants to capture Mississippi River Anaconda plan
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Southern Secession
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War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.’d)(cont.’d)
Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the
Union 500,000 Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle
J.E.B. Stuart “Stonewall” Jackson Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won
Women participate in war from earliest days Dorothea Dix Clara Barton
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Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July
21, 1861
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War Takes Command: August 1861 War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862to March 1862
Lincoln has problems finding competent generals George McClellan John Fremont
War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on economy and homefront
Northern blockade is effective against South Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get
foreign help
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War Takes Command: August 1861 War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862to March 1862 (cont.’d)(cont.’d)
General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards Mississippi River Fort Donelson
Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate Navies USS Monitor CSS Virginia
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Campaigns in the West
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The Union on the Offensive: March The Union on the Offensive: March to September 1862to September 1862 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh,
Tennessee, win victory over South William T. Sherman
New Orleans falls to Union troops David Farragut
Confederates resort to conscription Seven Days’ War
30,000 killed and wounded Conflict was not decisive for either side
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Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862
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Peninsula Campaign, 1862
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Slavery under AttackSlavery under Attack Slavery becomes more central issue
Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands”
Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation
Copperheads
South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains losses at Antietam 25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam
By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate
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Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862
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Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862Web
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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions
What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the North and the South as the war began?
Compare and contrast the war strategies of the Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win?
Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What effect did it have on the war?
Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was he an effective wartime president? What were his greatest mistakes?