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Chapter 14
Over-the-Counter Drugs
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OTC Market
OTC drugs in the United States have surpassed over $16 billion in yearly sales
The perception that nonprescription drugs (OTC) are completely safe can have grave consequences
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Categories of OTC Drugs
Category I: Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)
Category II: Not Generally Recognized as Safe or is improperly labeled
Category III: Cannot be sold
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POPULAR OTC MEDICINES
ANALGESICS COLD MEDICINES COUGH MEDICATIONS ANTACIDS SLEEP AIDS OTC STIMULANTS WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS
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ANALGESICS (PAIN KILLERS)
ASPIRIN (BAYER) ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL) IBUPROFEN (ADVIL) KETOPROFEN (ORUDIS) NAPROXEN (ALEVE)
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ASPIRIN
GOOD ANALGESIC GOOD ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT GOOD ANTIPYRETIC “THINS THE BLOOD” HARD ON THE STOMACH
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ACETAMINOPHEN
GOOD ANTIPYRETIC NOT HARD ON THE STOMACH HARD ON THE LIVER DOES NOT THIN BLOOD NOT GOOD AS AN ANTI-
INFLAMMATORY DRUG OF CHOICE FOR CHILDREN
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IBUPROFEN
GOOD ANALGESIC GOOD ANTI-INFLAMMATORY LESS HARSH ON STOMACH THAN
ASPIRIN GOOD FOR MENSTRUAL CRAMPS GOOD ANTIPYRETIC APPROVED USE WITH CHILDREN
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KETOPROFEN
GOOD ANALGESIC GOOD ANTI-INFLAMMATORY LESS HARSH ON STOMACH THAN
ASPIRIN GOOD ANTIPYRETIC
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NAPROXEN
EXCELLENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GOOD ANTIPYRETIC GOOD ANALGESIC
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COLD MEDICINES
CAUSE OF COLDS?VIRUS
COLD MEDICINES TREAT SYMPTOMS“SHOT GUN” REMEDIESMANY NIGHT TIME COLD MEDICINES
CONTAIN ALCOHOL
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COUGH MEDICINES
WHAT IS A COUGH? REFLEX ACTION IN BRAIN TYPES OF COUGHS -CONGESTED AND PRODUCTIVE -CONGESTED AND NONPRODUCTIVE -DRY AND NONPRODUCTIVE
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COUGH MEDICINES
OTC COUGH MEDICINES CONTAIN EXPECTORANTS AND/OR ANTITUSSIVESEXPECTORANTS: STIMULATE FLOW OF
FLUID IN LUNGSANTITUSSIVES: STOP COUGH
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ANTACIDS
ANTACIDS NEUTRALIZE STOMACH ACID THUS REDUCING THE SYMPTOMS OF THE UPSET STOMACH
OTC PRODUCTS CONTAIN SUCH DRUGS AS SODIUM BICARBONATE, CALCIUM CARBONATE, SALTS OF MAGESIUM AND ALUMIUM
PRODUCT EXAMPLES INCLUDE: TUMS, ROLAIDS, ALKA SELTZER
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SLEEP AIDS AND SEDATIVES OTC SLEEP AIDS AND SEDATIVES
GENERALLY CONTAIN ANTIHISTAMINES WHICH PRODUCE DROWSINESSS
THE BENEFITS OF ANTIHISTAMINES AS SEDATIVES AND SLEEP AGENTS ARE LIMITED
PRODUCE EXAMPLES INCLUDE Nytol, Sominex, and Seep-Eze
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OTC STIMULANTS
MOST OTC STIMULANTS CONTAIN CAFFEINE
PRODUCT EXAMPLES INCLUDE VIVARIN AND NO DOZ
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WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS
OTC WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS INCLUDE STARCH BLOCKERS, PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE, AND BENZOCAINE
STARCH BLOCKERS PRESUMABLY BLOCKED STARCHY FOODS FROM BEING ABSORBED (NEVER PROVEN EFFECTIVE
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PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (PPA) IS A STIMULANT THAT IS EFFECTIVE IN SUPRESSING APPETITE
SIDE EFFECTS INCLUDE HEADACHE, ANXIETY, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, AND INSOMNIA
FDA HAS ISSUED A STRONG WARNING AGAINST USE OF PPA
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BENZOCAINE IS A TOPICAL ANESTHETIC THAT IS PUT INTO A CHEWING GUM. AS NUMBNESS SETS IN THE DESIRE FOR FOOD DIMINISHES
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Summary
Over-the-Counter drugs are drugs that can be purchased without a prescription
Popular OTC medicines include analgesics, cold medicines, cough medicines, antacids, sleep aids, stimulants, and weight loss products
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Analgesics are medicines that relieve pain
Cough medicines contain dextromethorphan, a potentially addictive chemical
Sleep aids mainly contain antihistamines
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Weight loss products contain stimulants which suppress appetite