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Chapter 15: Authority and the State
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Do you think the United States has a true democracy?
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Who Rules in the United States?
• In the United States, power is shared between three branches of government as well as between the federal government and the many state governments.
• Other important actors in our political system are political parties and interest groups.
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Who Rules in the United States?
• A political party is an organization that wants to gain power in a government, typically by backing a candidate who shares the same beliefs.
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Does your personal philosophy match your party affiliation?
Political Party Quiz/
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Where do you stand?
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Who Rules in the United States?
• An interest group is an organization that seeks to gain power in government and influence policy without its representative (a lobbyist) seeking election.
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The Myth of the Vanishing Voter
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Infographic, Voter Registration by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Infographic, Voter Registration by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Infographic, Voter Registration by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Infographic, Voter Registration by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Infographic, Voter Registration by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
You May Ask Yourself, 2nd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
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Types of Legitimate Authority
• A “state,” according to Weber, is a human community that claims the legitimate use of physical force in a given territory.
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Types of Legitimate Authority
• Charismatic authority is based on the personal appeal of an individual leader.
• Traditional authority is based on appeals to the past or a long established way of doing things.
• Legal-rational authority is based on legal, impersonal rules that have been routinized and rationalized.
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Types of Legitimate Authority
Bureaucracy is a legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with
reference to rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy.
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Types of Legitimate Authority
• Authority is the justifiable right to exercise power.
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Obedience to Authority
• The Milgram Experiment – tested people to see how far they would
go in obeying an authority figure– results showed that obedience to
authority is a very powerful form of social control that can make “ordinary” people do unspeakable things because an authority figure told them to do so
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Obedience to Authority
The Milgram Experiment
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Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Max Weber stated that:– Power is the ability to carry out one’s will
despite resistance. – Domination is the probability that a
command will be obeyed by a group of people.
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Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Coercion is the use of force to get others to do what you want. Once a person or institution decides to use physical coercion, it loses all its legitimate authority.
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Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Sociologist T. H. Marshall identified three types of citizenship rights (rights that one has as a citizen of a nation):– civil rights– political rights– social rights
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Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Civil rights guarantee personal freedom without state interference.
• Political rights are rights to participate in politics, hold office, or vote.
• Social rights guarantee protection by the state.