Download - Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things
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Chapter 18
Interactions of Living Things
Pages 530-557
ACTIVE NOTE TAKINGFill in the blanks using textbook!
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Ecology
Study of the __________ among organisms and their ________________.
Ecologists _________________ who study environmental
relationships _______________ the environmental factors
that influence organisms into ______ groups ____________ BIOTIC
The Environment
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Abiotic
_________________ parts of the environment
Examples:I. _____________II. Light & TemperatureIII. _____________IV. Soil
Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors
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Biotic Factors
___________or _____________ organisms in the environment
Examples:I. Levels or organizationII. __________________III. CommunitiesIV. _____________________V. BiomesVI. ______________________
Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors
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5 Factors:
Water ________________ ________________ ________________ Soil
Abiotic Factors
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1. Water
All organisms need __________ to survive Organisms are made of __________% water Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion,
and other important life process can only occur with presence of ____________
95% of Earth’s ___________ water is found in oceans
Abiotic Factors
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Examples of Water
Pacific Ocean-Kauai, HawaiiCumberland River & Lake Cumberland
Dale Hollow Lake Bayou-Gueydan, LA
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2. Light
Availability of sun light is a major factor in determining where green plants and other ________________ organisms live
Energy from Sun is changed into ____________ energy
__________-lives near water surface Dense forest have very little photosynthetic
plants, why?
Abiotic Factors
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Plant Examples
North Shore-Kauai
The Garden of Eden-Kauai
Kipu Ranch-Kauai-conifers
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3. Temperature
Regional temperature also determines which plants and animals can live there
Some areas of the world have fairly consistent temperature year round
Other areas have season during which temperatures vary Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and
Mild
Abiotic Factors
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Temperature
Variations
Mojave Desert-CA Arctic Plain-Antarctica
Rain Forest-Brazil
Great Plains-Kansas
Appalachian Mts-TNTropical Island-FL Keys
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4.Air
Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen, _________________, and Carbon Dioxide.
Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for _________________ (breathe)
All species are affected by weather Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface) Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface)
Few organisms live at extreme air pressures
Abiotic Factors
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5. Soil Varies greatly from one environment to
another Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand,
Silt, and ___________ it contains Various soils contains different amounts of
nutrients, minerals, and moisture
Soil affects every organism in an environment!
Abiotic Factors
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Soil
Top Soil-rich in nutrients and moisture (plant crops)
Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic(use as filler dirt)
Bed Rock-mostly limestone/sandstone(paving stone)
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Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an
organism needs for survival Organisms depend on other organisms for:
Food __________________ Protection __________________
Biotic Factors
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Biotic Factors Include:
Bacteria ____________ Fungi ____________ Animals
Biotic Factors
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1. Organism: one __________________ from a population
Levels of Organization
Mallard Drake “GreenHead”
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2. Population: _________ of the individual of one
species that live in the same _____________ at the same time.
Levels of Organization
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3. Community: the ______________ of different
species that ______________ in some way
Levels of Organization
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4. Ecosystem: all of the ______________ in an area
and the abiotic factors they interact with
Levels of Organization
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5. Biome: large region with ___________ and
_____________ well adapted to the soil and climate of the region
Levels of Organization
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6. Biosphere: The level of biological organization that is made up of all the ecosystems on ________________
Levels of Organization
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Where Earth’s organisms live
Can be found 11,000 m deep in the ocean 9,000 m high on the mountains 4.5 km high in atmosphere
Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes!
Biosphere
Extremophiles