Download - Chapter 18, part A
![Page 1: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation byDr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
T H I R D E D I T I O N
Chapter 18, part AGas Exchange and Transport
![Page 2: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
About this Chapter
• Getting CO2 & O2 dissolved for transport • How oxygen is transported, role of
hemoglobin• How carbon dioxide is transported• Regulators that sense and coordinate
respiration with circulation for gas transport
![Page 3: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Overview of Respiratory Exchange
Figure 18-1: Overview of oxygen and exchange and Transport CO2
![Page 4: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Pressure gradient: lower at high altitudes• Temperature: constant in warm blooded
humans• Solubility (solute & solvent): O2 or CO2 in
water
Solubility of Gasses
Figure 18-2: Gases in solution
![Page 5: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen
• Diffusion through alveolar thin cells• Down diffusion gradient
• Higher in alveoli• Lower in blood
• Diffusion from blood • Also down gradient• To ECF• To tissue cells (convert O2 to CO2)
PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Exchange
![Page 6: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen
Figure 18-3a: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells
![Page 7: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide
• Diffusion out of cells (down diffusion gradient)
• Into blood• Buffer role• Conversions:
• Plasma• Bicarbonate
• On Hb• Into alveolus & expiration
![Page 8: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide
Figure 18-3b: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells
![Page 9: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange
• Wet surface• Thin epithelia• Little ECF • Diseases:
• Emphysema• Fibrotic Lung• Pulmonary edema• Asthma
![Page 10: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange
Figure 18-5: Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and endothelial cells to enter the plasma
![Page 11: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Overview of Hemostasis: Clot Formation & Vessel Repair
Figure 18-4: Pulmonary pathologies that affect alveolarventilation and gas exchange
![Page 12: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen
Figure 18-6: Summary of oxygen transport in the blood
• 2% in plasma• 98% in
hemoglobin (Hb)
• Blood holds O2 reserve
![Page 13: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen
Figure 18-7 : The role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport
PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Transport
![Page 14: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve
• 4 binding sites per Hb molecule• 98% saturated in alveolar arteries• Resting cell PO2 = 40 mmHg• Working cell PO2 = 20 mmHg• More unloaded with more need• 75% in reserve at normal activity
![Page 15: Chapter 18, part A](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/5681682e550346895dddcd78/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve
Figure 18-8: Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve