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Chapter 2
EQ: Which prehistoric culture is considered the highest stage of Native American civilization in Georgia and North America?
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Daily Ten Chp 2 Sec 1 Vocabulary
1. Archaeologist
2. Artifact
3. Prehistoric
4. Culture
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Paleo Indian
• Earliest known people of North America
• Around about 10,000 years ago when glaciers from the ice age began to melt
• They hunted woolly mammoths, elk, bison, horses, and moose
• They were NOMADS-people who move from place to place following the food supply
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Paleo Indian Artifacts
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Archaic PeriodArchaic Period
• 8,000 BC, the Earth’s climate started warming and big animals disappeared, forests began to grow
• Descendants of Paleo-Indians, ARCHAIC INDIANS, began to thrive
• FIRSTFIRST CULTURECULTURE OF OF GEORGIAGEORGIA
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Archaic Period, cont’d
• Improved techniques for fishing, hunting, gathering
• Used small spear points, stone axes
• Small tools were used to hunt smaller animals
• Gathered nuts, berries…
• Artifacts suggest they lived in rock shelters, pit houses, but had no permanent settlements (they were nomadic)
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Archaic Period, cont’d
• They DID NOT have– Bows and arrows– Pottery– Agriculture
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Woodland Period
• From 1000 BC to 800 AD
• They built villages along streams
• They also built protective walls around their villages
• They developed – Agriculture– Pottery– Bows and arrows
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Daily Ten Vocabulary
5. Paleo-Indians
6. Archaic Indians
7. Woodland Indians
8. Mississippian Culture
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Daily Ten Vocabulary9. Civilization
10.Hierarchy
11.Anthropologist
12.Clan
13.Matrilineal
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Mississippian Culture• Culture that 1st Europeans met in North
America• Followed Woodland period and known for
great advancement in agriculture growing 3 main crops– Corn, Beans, Squash
• Mississippian People originated along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, but lived from Georgia to Minnesota
• In Georgia, they are known as the Etowah Indians
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Etowah Indians
• Mississippian Culture that lived in North Georgia
• Their flat-topped earthen mounds are still there
• A large ceremonial lodge built of red clay near Macon, GA, off the Ocmulgee River also still stands
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ETOWAH INDIAN MOUND IN NORTH GEORGIAETOWAH INDIAN MOUND IN NORTH GEORGIA
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Characteristics of Civilization
• Cities with trade
• Organized government and religion
• Specialized jobs
• A system of record keeping
• Advanced tools
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Matrilineal
• Ancestry is traced through the mother’s side of the family
• Creeks were matrilineal– After marriage, the young man moved into the
compound of his wife’s family– Children belonged to their mother’s clan and
were not related to their father’s clan
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Chapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary
14.Confederacy
15.Creek confederacy
16.Cherokee
17.Seminole
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Creek Confederacy
• Confederacy is a union of a group of people with like interests
• The Creek Confederacy was a group of Mississippian chiefdoms that banded together to form the largest group in the Southeast, originally occupying most of what is now Georgia
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Creeks cont’d
• Towns with centers for ceremonies and politics
• Families belonged to clans and were matrilineal
• They had a government hierarchy with elders and a town council
• Their religion included the Green Corn ceremony
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Cherokee
• 2nd largest group of Native Americans in early Georgia
• Believed in maintaining balance and harmony
• Similiar culture to the Creeks
• Government more democratic-they allowed women and men to voice opinions
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Sequoyah (pg. 200)
• Cherokee, born 1770
• He developed Cherokee alphabet because he saw that Europeans had an advantage through the written word
• So simple that anyone could learn it in a few days
• Started their own newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix
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Cherokee Sekoyah
SyllabarySyllabary
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Seminole
• Belonged to the area now known as Florida
• Name means “free people”
• Culture similar to the Creek
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Diseases
• Mississippian culture 1st one met by Europeans
• Also 1st culture devastated by diseases brought by Europeans
• Tuberculosis, intestinal parasites from poor sanitary conditions, and overcrowding all contributed to the end of their culture
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Page 34-Chapter 2 Review
• The First People in America
• 1-10
• Write the question and the answer!