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MYTHOLOGYChapter 2
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Mythology
The most common mythology people think of is Greek:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCm8W5RZes
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Introduction
But mythology is actually a broader term Myths are religious narratives that tell
stories and are important to religious beliefsOriginsHistoriesRules of behaviorCan be written or oral
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Myths and Worldview
All people experience things they can’t explain
The way we perceive reality is our worldview and it colors all we see and how we interact with things
Ex. Navaho vs. Judeo-Christian view of nature
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Myths and Worldview
Read the Judeo-Christian and Navaho creation myths on pg.34-35 & pg. 45-46
Analyze for themes:Nature-human interactionHow humans are createdView of animalsInteraction between humans and
supernaturalElement of time
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Myths and Worldview
So how would we summarize the different worldviews from these two creation myths?
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Myths and Worldview Navaho:
interconnectedness with nature, living in balance, respecting living things
Judeo-Christian: controlling nature, humans were given the world and can exploit it
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Supernatural Read the story on
Snow White (pg. 30-31)
What is the ‘moral’ of the story?
What aspects are supernatural?
Is this a religious study? Why or why not?
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Supernatural This story is a
folktale It entertains and
gives a lesson, but is not a religious text
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Supernatural
Legends are stories that people believe really happened, but have been embellished
Urban legends are stories that supposedly happened in the recent past
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Supernatural
What are some examples of urban legends?
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Supernatural
Bloody Mary Big Foot The escaped killer with a hook hand Basically anything that people think is a
hoax or tabloid story
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Myths These are sacred stories They explain:
Human’s originCreation of the universeValues and normsGood vs. evil
They are religious and used in religious rituals
Bible stories, Qur’an, Torah, etc. (Table 2.1, pg. 32)
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Myths
Be able to distinguish what makes folktales, legends, and myths different
Use table in book
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Written and Oral Texts
Some cultures do not have written historiesThey use oral traditions to pass down
cultural knowledgeOral texts are performed, not recitedSlightly altered each generationCan be adapted to new events
Others are writtenQur’an means “recitation” and is literal word
of God and so not changed in any way
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Example
Genesis from the Bible is a creation myth Part 1:
God makes the world in 6 daysHe makes plants, then animals, then humansImportance of the Sabbath
Part 2:Creates Adam and EveFall from EdenMakes humans first and then animalsCreates Eve out of Adam
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Example
These myths reflect worldview and social charter (human interactions)Male dominanceHumans given control over natureCorrect and incorrect behaviorPunishments
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Myths
There are different forms of written traditions
How many versions of the Bible are there?
Some keep traditional language (it sounds more “religious”) and some use current language
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Understanding Myths
Myths are found in all societies but vary widely
There are different ways to approach studying themMost of these are connected to theories we
discussed in chapter 1
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Approaches to Myths
1. Evolutionary(incorrect) idea of unilineal evolutionEvolve from simple to complexPrimitive to civilizedFrazer (The Golden Bough)
NO!
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Approaches to Myths
2. Fieldwork and FunctionalCan use myths to understand cultural
systemSee what function myths have in societyBoas (Father of American Anthropology)Malinowski (Essential needs of humans)
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Approaches to Myths
3. StructuralLook at structure of the mythDualism: light/dark, good/evil, male/femaleNo focus on meaning or contentLevi-Strauss
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Approaches to Myths
4. PsychologicalUnconscious projectionsCollective consciousnessArchetypes: orphan, creator, fool, etc.Freud Jung
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Common Themes
Know common themes to use on homework!!
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Common Themes Common themes may come from diffusion of
knowledge or from collective consciousness Birth Metaphor
Supernatural creating something Chaos
Things created out of chaos or darkness Emergence
Things created by emerging from under the earth Holy People
Holy beings create people
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Apocalyptic Myths Center on the
destruction of the world
Cycles of destruction and creationNoah’s floodRevelations
○ Four horsemen, lamb of God, lake of fire, etc.
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Trickster Myths
Some myths are for entertainment and some discuss serious matters
Trickster myths are less serious and teach people how not to behave
Example: Haida story of the Raven (pg. 49).
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Hero Myths
Though stories all vary, there is a common pattern or story line (monomyth)
Hero leaves common world and enters supernatural world receives training encounters obstacles and is victorious hero returns to help his friends and family
Common in our stories and movies
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Discussion Questions
1. Define what worldview is. How does this impact how people see nature and the environment?
2. What are some common themes among different religious creation myths?
3. What is a monomyth? Why are popular movies (previous slide) not considered religious?
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Assignment
ICA #1 “Creation Myths” together in groups
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Videos
As you watch videos look for:SimilaritiesCommon themesConnection to environmentExamples from lecture
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Videos Egypt: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTy49JlgJZE Inca:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75kDb2OqBWI&list=PL32257ECAC08445A3
Aboriginal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koxp_q46z0Q&list=PL32257ECAC08445A3
Japan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIQ9Ea7WDSI&list=PL32257ECAC08445A3
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Greek Mythology Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQN1vGmHxs4