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Chapter 2Quiz material
pp.39-50Part 4 of 4Organic Compounds
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Use your:1. Vocabulary worksheet2. Worksheet with images and quiz questions3. This PowerPoint (posted on our website)
To study for this quiz25 questions worth 30 points
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Types of Compounds Two types of compounds
important to life:Organic Compounds (covering now)
Inorganic Compounds (just finished covering last week.)
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Biochemistry: Essentials for Life
Slide 2.21Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Organic compounds• Contain carbon• Most are covalently bonded
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Important Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids5. ATP
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.26
1. Carbohydrates• Help fuel your body and keep it
functioning properly.• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen• Include sugars and starches• Classified according to size
• Monosaccharides – simple sugars
• Disaccharides – two simple sugars joined together-
• Polysaccharides – long branching chains of linked simple sugars
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Carbohydrates
Slide 2.27Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 2.12a, b
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Carbohydrates
Slide 2.28Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 2.12c
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.29
2. Lipids • Come into your body in the form of fat-
marbled meats, eggs yolks, milk products, and oils• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen
• Insoluble in water (will not dissolve in water)
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.33aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3. Proteins• Made of amino acids
• Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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Important Organic CompoundsProteins (cont.)
Slide 2.33bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3. Proteins•Account for over 50% of the body’s organic
matter• Provides for construction materials for
body tissues• Plays a vital role in cell function
•Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
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Enzymes (a type of protein)
Slide 2.34Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Act as biological catalysts• Catalysts-a substance that increases
the rate of a chemical reaction WITHOUT becoming part of the product or being changed.
• Enzymes are re-usable-can create a reaction again and again.
• Can think of enzymes as a wind that makes a fire burn hotter and burn more area. Figure 2.16
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.35Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Nucleic Acids• Your genes are made of these bases• Nucleotide bases
• A = Adenine• G = Guanine• C = Cytosine• T = Thymine• U = Uracil (replaces T/RNA)
• Make DNA and RNA
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.36Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)• Organized by
complimentary bases to form double helix
• Replicates before cell division
• Provides instruction for every protein in the body
Figure 2.17c
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Important Organic Compounds
Slide 2.37Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)• Chemical energy used by all cells• Energy is released by breaking high energy
phosphate bond• ATP is replenished by oxidation of food
fuels