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Chapter 2, section 1
The Six Characteristics of Living Things
Review
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All Living Things 1. Have
cells covered by
membrane
2. Sense and respond to changeA change that causes an organism to react is
stimuli
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Homeostasis
• Maintaining a constant, internal environment
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All Living Things
3. Reproduce Sexual – 2 parents, similar offspring Asexual – 1 parent, identical offspring
4. Have
DNA
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Heredity
• Passing traits to the next generation
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5. Use
energy
All the chemical activities that an organism performs are called
Metabolism.
ex: Taking in food, breaking down food (digestion), moving materials into and out of cells
All Living Things
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All Living things
6. Grow and develop
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Chapter 2, section 2
Review
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Four things all organisms need:
1. Water – Used in all
• Chemical reactions
2. Air- O2 and CO2
3. Food
4. A place to live
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Organisms get their food in different ways.
• Some make their own food. They are
• Producers
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Organisms get their food in different ways.
• Some eat other organisms for food. They are
• Consumers
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Organisms get their food in different ways.
• Some consumers get food by breaking down dead organisms or waste. They are
• Decomposers
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Proteins
• Large molecules made up of small molecules called
• Amino acids
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Jobs of proteins
• Protect cells
• Repair cells
• Help cells grow
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Two special proteins:
• The protein that binds to oxygen to deliver and release oxygen throughout the body:
• hemoglobin
• The protein that starts or speeds up chemical reactions in cells:
• enzymes
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Carbohydrates
• Molecules made up of
• Sugars
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Jobs of carbohydrates
• Give energy
• Store energy
• Release energy when they are broken down.
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Types of Carbohydrates
• Have one or a few sugar molecules. Easy to break down:
• Simple carbohydrates (chocolate, candy)
• Have hundreds of sugar molecules.Take longer to break down:
• Complex carbohydrates (whole gran pasta, bread,etc.)
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Lipids
• Are compounds that can’t mix with Water
• Examples:
• Butter, margarine, olive oil
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Jobs of Lipids• Store energy:
• Fats and oils
• Form the membranes of cells:
• Phospholipids: lipid + phosphorous make the cell membranes
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ATP• Adesonine Triphosphate
• Main source for cells
• Comes from breaking down the carbs and lipids(NOT protein!!)
• Used to fuel your metabolism
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Nucleic Acids
• Blueprints of life!
• Contain the energy to make:
• Proteins
• Large molecules made up of :
• Nucleotides
• The nucleic acid that gives direction and information to cells is:
• DNA
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Review
• Plants store extra sugar as lipids, starch, proteins, or nucleic acids:
• STARCH!
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Review
• Fats and oils are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids.
• LIPIDS!
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Review
• The protein ________________________ delivers and releases oxygen throughout the body.
• HEMOGLOBIN!
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Review
• _____________________________ are made up of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together
• SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES!