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Chapter 2
Summary of Historical Documents
Section 1
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Influences from England’s Early Government•The English brought with them a history of limited and representative government.
•England was ruled by a MONARCH – a king or queen, but nobles held much power.
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1. Nobles wanted fair & equal treatment under the law. So they forced King John to sign the
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(1) Magna Carta – June 15, 1215 in Runneymead EnglandA. Written by English
Lords/NoblesIt limited the power of the king or queen
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B. Used as a basis for the Bill of Rights.
1. Granted equal treatment for citizens accused of a crime.
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a.Right to confront your accuser
b. Right to trial by jury
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•The nobles and church officials who advised the King, Henry II, developed into a LEGISLATURE – a lawmaking body- known as PARLIAMENT.
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•In 1688, in a power struggle, Parliament removed King James II from the throne.•This peaceful transfer of power was the Glorious Revolution.
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•From then on, no ruler would have more power than the legislature.
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2. English Bill of Rights – 1689 in Westminster, England.
A. Written by Parliament (lawmaking body of England.
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B. Stated that the power of the monarch (king/queen) should be limited.
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C. Included many liberties found in the Constitution & Bill of Rights
1. Free elections
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2. Protection from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail.
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3. Trial by Jury
4. Free Speech
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•In its early days, England had no written laws. People developed rules to live by which came to have the force of law.
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•Judges made rulings consistent with PRECEDENTS, or rulings in earlier cases.•The system of law based on precedent and custom is known as common law.
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Question: What were some rights guaranteed by the English Bill of Rights?
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Bringing the English Heritage to America
•A colony is a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.
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•English colonists in America remained loyal subjects of England. They accepted English law and expected the same rights they enjoyed in England.
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3.The Virginia Company’s Charter
•A charter is a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments.
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• The Virginia Company’s Charter was granted by King James I to a group of merchants from London.
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•The Virginia Company’s charter promised the colonists of Jamestown the same liberties as in England.
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•These representatives formed the House of Burgesses, the first legislature in the colonies.•It marked the beginning of self-government in the colonies.
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(4). Mayflower Compact
• A compact is an agreement, or contract, among a group of people.
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•Before arriving in Plymouth, the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower Compact, November 11, 1620 in what is now Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
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A. Written by the Pilgrims on board the Mayflower.
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•Under this contract all men would vote, the majority would rule. This set up a direct democracy in the colony.
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B. Established “rule by the people” (popular sovereignty) which later became known as “social contract” theory of government.
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C. Later used to justify American independence from Great Britain –government should be formed by the people.
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Early Colonial Governments
•Later English colonies along the east coast followed the examples of the Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses.
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•Each colony had a governor and elected legislature, often modeled after Parliament.
•The colonial governments took on more power over time, as the king and Parliament were preoccupied at home.
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•The colonies grew used to making their own decisions.
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Question: What examples did new colonies follow in setting up their governments?
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They followed the examples from the Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses by establishing self rule.
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Matching A. MonarchB. ColonyC. LegislatureD. Common lawE. precedent
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Explain: What is the historical significance of Virginia’s House of Burgesses?
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It marked the beginning of colonial self-government.
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Summarize: What did the Mayflower Compact do?
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It established a system of direct democracy- all men could vote and the majority ruled. It also established the concept of popular sovereignty or rule by the people.
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Drawing conclusions:Explain the significance of the Glorious Revolution.
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It changed the idea of government in England: no ruler would have more power than the Parliament.