Download - Chapter 20
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McGraw-Hill/IrwinBusiness Research Methods, 10e
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 20Chapter 20
Presenting Presenting Insights and Insights and
Findings: Findings: Written and Written and
Oral ReportsOral Reports
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The Written Research Report
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Guidelines for Short Reports
Tell reader why you are writingTell reader why you are writing
Remind reader of requestRemind reader of request
Write in an expository styleWrite in an expository style
Write report and hold for reviewWrite report and hold for review
Attach detailed materials in appendixAttach detailed materials in appendix
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The Long Research Report
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Report Modules
Prefatory InformationPrefatory Information
IntroductionIntroduction
MethodologyMethodology
FindingsFindings
Conclusions & RecommendationsConclusions & Recommendations
AppendicesAppendices
BibliographyBibliography
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Components: Short Report: Memo or Letter-Style
1. Introduction Problem statement Research objectives Background
2. Conclusions Summary and conclusions Recommendations
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Components: Short Report: Technical
1. Prefatory Information (all)
2. Introduction (all, plus brief methodology and limitations)
3. Findings
4. Conclusions
5. Appendices
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Components: Long, Report: Management
1. Prefatory Information (all)
2. Introduction (all, plus brief methods and limitations)
3. Conclusions and Recommendations
4. Findings
5. Appendices
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Components: Long Report: Technical
1. Prefatory Information
2. Introduction
3. Methodology (full, detailed)
4. Findings
5. Conclusions
6. Appendices
7. Bibliography
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Sample Findings Page: Tabular
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Sample Findings Page: Graphical
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Findings Page Templates
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Prewriting Concerns
What is the report’s purpose?What is the report’s purpose?
Who will read the report?Who will read the report?
What are the circumstances?What are the circumstances?
How will the report be used?How will the report be used?
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The Outline
I. Major Topic Heading
A. Major subtopic heading
1. Subtopic
a. Minor subtopic
1) Further detail
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Types of Outlines
Topic
I. Demand
A. How measured
1. Voluntary error
2. Shipping error
a. Monthly variance
Sentence
I. Demand for refrigerators
A. Measured in terms f factory shipments as reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce
1. Error is introduced into year to year comparisons
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Grammar and Style Proofreader Results
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Adjusting Pace
Use ample white spaceUse ample white space
Use headingsUse headings
Use visual aidsUse visual aids
Use italics and underliningUse italics and underlining
Choose words carefullyChoose words carefully
Repeat and summarizeRepeat and summarize
Use service words strategicallyUse service words strategically
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Considerations for Writing
Readability
Comprehensibility
Tone
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Avoiding Overcrowded Text
Use shorter paragraphs
Indent or space parts of text
Use headings
Use bullets
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Presentation of Statistics
Text
Tables Graphics
Semi-tabular
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Example of Text Presentation
Wal-Mart regained its top rank in the Forbes 500 due to its strong sales performance (11% increase, $351.1 billion). Although Wal-Mart surpassed number-2 ranked Exxon Mobil in sales, Wal-Mart’s profitability ($11.2 billion) was far below that of the oil giant ($39.5 billion).
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Example: Semi-Tabular Presentation
Although Wal-Mart regained the top spot in theFortune 500, its performance shows signs ofweakness in profitability.• Wal-Mart is the largest business in the Fortune
500 with sales increasing more than 11% over last year’s performance.
• Oil giant and energy exploration leader Exxon Mobil is the most profitable company in the Fortune 500 due to record crude oil prices increasing its profits to $39.5 billion, compared to $11.2 billion for Wal-Mart.
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Example of Tabular Presentation
Company Rank
Revenue
($, millions)
Sales Growth Profits
Profit Growth
Wal-Mart 1 $351,139.0 11.2% $11,284.0 0.5%
Exxon Mobil 2 $347,254.0 02.2% $39,500.0 9.3%
General Electric
6 $168,307.0 07.1% $20,829.0 27.4%
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Sample Tabular
Findings
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Graphics Presentation
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Sample Graphics within Report
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Sample Line Graph
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Sample Area Chart
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Sample Pie Charts
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Sample Bar Chart
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Pictograph
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Geographs
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3-D Graphs
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The Oral Report
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The Oral Report
Opening
Findings and conclusions
Recommendations
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Presentation Type
MemorizedExtemporaneous
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Speaker Characteristics
Vocal• Do you speak softly?• Do you speak too
rapidly?• Do you vary volume,
tone, and rate of speaking?
• Do you fill pauses (e.g., you know, uhm, ah)?
Physical• Do you rock back and
forth?• Do you fiddle with
things?• Do you stare into
space?• Do you misuse
visuals?
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Audiovisuals
High Tech• Computer-
drawn visuals• Computer
animation• Computer with
embedded video and audio clips
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Audiovisuals
Low Tech• Chalkboard/
Whiteboard• Handouts• Flip charts• Overhead
transparencies• Slides