Download - Chapter 20 The U.S. Looks Overseas
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Chapter 20The U.S. Looks Overseas
HOW DID THE U.S. DEMONSTRATE ITS
GROWING INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC AND IN LATIN
AMERICA
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Bullet Points p. 699 Read pgs. 678-685
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Ch 20 Sec 1
• I can understand how the U.S. acquired new territory and expanded trade in the Asia-Pacific region
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Ch. 20 Sec 1Eyes on the Pacific
• Manifest Destiny – U.S. should have borders from Atlantic to Pacific
???• Why not go further west?
• Americans did just that
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Japan• Mid 1800’s
Americans wanted trade with Japan
• Japan was a closed country
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Japan
• What they didn’t have was a strong navy• Pres. Millard Fillmore sends Commodore
Matthew C. Perry and his fleet – 1553• Japanese thought they were ready
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Japan
• Perry arrives with ships• Gives Japanese letter from
President and leavesWere the Japanese
impressed?
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Japan
• Yes they were• 1 year later Perry returns• Japan grants America
trading rights• Changes Japan forever
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Alaska
• 1867 – Alaska belonged to Russia• Russia wants American influence, not
British• 1869 – Russia sells for $7.2 million (2
cents per acre)• Many in U.S. against sale• Did not know of riches
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U.S. Expansion
• America was isolationist (avoid other countries)
• Europeans were imperialists (empire building)
• Late 1800’s, U.S. wanted territories
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Turner Thesis
• Western frontier has been conquered
• No more expansion
•Was he ever wrong!!!
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Economic Growth• U.S. has powerful
economy• U.S. did not want
1. To be denied raw materials
2. To be denied global market
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Economic Growth
• Key is a strong navy
• Control the seas – (Alfred T. Mahan)
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From this
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To this
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To This
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Other Reasons for Expansion
•Protect overseas trade
•Spread American values
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Samoa
• U.S. Navy and American shipping companies needed a refueling stop in Pacific
• Germany and Britain also wanted the same
• Almost went to war• 1899, Germany and U.S. divided control
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Hawaii
• After 1820, American sugar planters set up plantations
• Planters gained power and forced king to give them power in government
• When king died, Queen tried to limit power
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Hawaii• With help of
U.S. Marines, planters seized control of Islands (1893)
• Congress annexed Hawaii in 1898
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China
• Late 1800’s, war weakens China
• European powers & Japan try to divide up China
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China• U.S. fears exclusion• U.S. wants, “Open Door”
policyWHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
• The right of all nations to trade with China
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China – Boxer Rebellion• Chinese object – form secret group• This group – The Boxers – attacked
foreigners• Chinese gov’t. helped
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China• U.S. and other countries send 18,000
troops• Defeat Boxers, kill Chinese and loot
Beijing
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China
• U.S. insists on Open Door policy
• Insists China not be carved up• China survived but with
foreign influence
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Bullet points p. 699 Read pgs. 688 - 692
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Ch 20 Sec 2The Spanish – American War
•I can understand the causes and effects of the Spanish – American War
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Cuba• 90 miles south
of Florida• Controlled by
Spain since 1492
• Cubans revolt 1868
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Cuba
• First revolt failed• 2nd revolt, 1895• People put in
reconcentration camps• 200,000 die
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José Martí
• Cuban poet• Inspired
Cubans from exile in U.S.
• Got to Cuba but killed
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American Reaction• Americans sympathetic• Want to oust Spanish• Protect American investments in
Cuba50 mil. Rice, sugar, RR’s, iron
mines• Presidents Cleveland and McKinley
said NO intervention
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U.S. Press• U.S. Newspapers urged intervention• William R. Hearst of New York
Journal one of the worst
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Remember the Maine
• 1898 – Fighting in the streets of Havana, Cuba
• President McKinley sent U.S. Battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American interests
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Remember the Maine
• With this big battleship in the harbor, what could possibly go wrong at 9:40 PM on Feb. 15, 1898?
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Remember the MaineTo Hell with Spain
• Press and public blame Spanish• Cause of the explosion still
unknownSpanish Naval mineSunk by Navy to provoke war Fire in coal bunker
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WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!• Asst. Secretary of Navy T. Roosevelt thinks
Congress will declare war• Sent Adm. Dewey to Spanish held Philippine
Islands
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WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!
• April 20, 1898, Congress declares war on Spain
• May 1, 1898, Dewey attacks Spanish fleet in Philippines.
• Sinks entire squadron• No American losses
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War in Cuba
• TR (who is that?????)• Gave up his job as Asst. Sec. of
the Navy• Formed Cavalry group, the Rough
Riders• Poorly trained, poorly equipped
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Rough Riders
• July 1, 1898• TR leads men up San Juan
Hill in Santiago Cuba• Black, white, it didn’t
matter
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White regiments, black regiments . . . Fought shoulder to shoulder, unmindful of race or color . . . And mindful only of their common duty as Americans.
First Lt. John J. Pershing
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An American Empire
• Dec. 1898 – Spain surrenders• Cuba independent• Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam
and Wake Islands to U.S.• U.S. pays $20 million
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Debate on TreatyYES
• U.S. has important naval bases
• Expands business
• Spread democracy
NO
• Violates Declaration
• Self gov’t denied• Risk of future
wars
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Outcome
•Senate approves treaty, , Feb. 1899
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Governing• Filipinos try for freedom• Former U.S. allies in Philippines
fight U.S.• 3 year war• 4,000 Americans dead• 20,000 Filipinos dead• Philippines not free until 1946
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Governing Caribbean
• Puerto Rico a territory with a U.S. governor
• People become U.S. citizens• U.S. developed economy and
education
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Governing Caribbean
• Cuba becomes U.S. protectorate Cuba cannot make treaties Cannot borrow moneyU.S can intervene in Cuban
affairsNaval base at Guantanamo
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Anopheles Stephensi
Aedes Aegypti
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WHY ARE THESE 2 BUGS IMPORTANT?
• They almost delayed one of the worlds most important projects.
WHAT WAS THAT PROJECT?
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PANAMACANAL
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Bullet Points p. 699 Read pgs. 693 - 697
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Ch 20 Sec 3The U.S. & Latin America
• I can understand how the U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to justify intervention in Latin America
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Monroe Doctrine
• Named after President MonroeWHAT DID IT SAY?
1. European countries stay out of the Americas
2. We will stay out of European affairs
3. If you don’t, there will be trouble
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1898• The Navy had to send this boat
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From Here
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To Here
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But to do it, they had to go
around this
A distance of 14,000 miles and it took 2 months
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What do we need?
•A short easily defensible route
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Isthmus of Panama
•What is an isthmus?•A narrow strip of land joining two larger area of land
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Isthmus of Panama
Where is it?
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1902
• Panama was a province of Columbia
• TR offered to rent for $10 mil now and ¼ mil yearly
• Columbia wanted more and said NO
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Teddy don’t like that!!
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•So, what can he do???
•Steal it from Columbia
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Grand Theft Country• TR knew Panamanians did not like
Columbia• Talked Panamanian leaders into a
revolt• Sent gunboats to stop Columbian
navy• U.S. recognized Panamanian
sovereignty
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Gun Boat Diplomacy
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Grand theft Country
•U.S. signs deal with Panama
•Still can’t start canal until health problems solved
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Disease
• Most people thought that yellow fever and malaria were spread by bad air
• MAL = bad• ARIA = air• Two doctors found that it was spread by
mosquitoes
WHAT DO WE DO?
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DISEASE
• Kill the skeetersHOW?
• Drain the swamps and clear the areas where the insects breed
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The Big Ditch
• 3 major jobs1. Cut through a mountain2. Dam a river to create a lake3. Erect the canal’s locks
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The Mountain
• 9 mile ditch through the Cordillera Mountains• Called the Gaillard cut
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THE BIG STICK
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WHY
• TR claimed the U.S. to be the leader in the Americas
• Prevent European nations from becoming too powerful in the Americas
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Roosevelt Corollary
• When U.S. neighbors get into trouble with Europe, the U.S. can use an “INTERNATIONAL POLICE POWER” and get involved.
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Example
• European nations wanted to use military force to collect debts owed by Dominican Republic
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Corollary In Action• TR sent Marines to Dominican
Republic and took over finances
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Dollar Diplomacy• TR out, Taft in.• Economic ties best way to influence
other countries• U.S. companies invest in Latin
America
BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG?
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A New PresidentWilson
• Support democracy• Put to the test• Mexicans overthrew
dictator• Resulted in Civil War
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1914
• While trying to refuel a boat, a dispute arose between Mexican soldiers and U.S. sailors
• Sailors taken prisoner but released• U.S. invaded Mexico at Vera Cruz
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1916• Mexican
revolutionary Pancho Villa attacks U.S. town of Columbus NM
• Retaliation for arms dealer selling guns to Villa’s enemy
• Burns town• U.S. responds
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• U.S. sends army to track down Villa
• U.S. General Pershing tracks Villa for 11 months but cannot capture
• U.S. withdraws