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Page 1: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era

To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

Page 2: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.1 Preview• Suppose that you are an emancipated slave in the

South at the end of the Civil War. What changes do you hope for your new life? On a separate sheet of paper/Moodle, write about three ways you imagine your

life will change now that you have your freedom.

Emancipated Slaves: N. Carolina, 1863.

Page 3: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.1 Key Terms

As you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers.

Reconstruction Black Codes Fifteenth Amendment Thirteenth AmendmentCivil Rights Jim Crow lawsFreedmen’s Bureau Fourteenth Amendment

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23.1: Introduction:Read 23.1 to yourself and answer these questions on

the back page of your packet.

1. In your own words, rewrite Lincoln’s excerpt from his 2nd inaugural address in 1865.

2. What date was Lincoln shot?

3. What was the location of the assassination?

4. Who assassinated Lincoln?

5. Why did he assassinate Lincoln?

6. Who became President?

Page 5: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.2: Presidential Reconstruction1. What were President Johnson’s two major

aims for Reconstruction? Circle the aim that was achieved by the 13th Amendment.

1. Southern states had to create new governments that were loyal to the Union.

2. Slavery had to be abolished.

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23.2 Presidential Reconstruction

2. Who established the Freedmen’s Bureau, and what was its purpose? List three activities of the bureau that helped it carry out its purpose.

Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau to assist former slaves.

Possible activities: Provided food, provided medical care, helped freedmen arrange for wages and good working conditions, distributed land, provided public education.

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23.2: Presidential Reconstruction

Purpose Example

To limit the rights of freedmen.

Blacks could not vote or serve on juries.

To help planters find workers to replace their slaves.

Freemen were required to work. If they were unemployed they could be arrested and hired out to planters.

To keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South.

Blacks and whites were segregated in public areas.

Black Codes Enacted During Presidential Reconstruction.

Page 8: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.3: Congressional Reconstruction1. How did the Radical Republican’s aim for

Reconstruction differ from President Johnson’s? What two laws passed by Congress helped them achieve this aim?

Answer: Radical Republicans wanted freedmen to be granted the full rights of citizenship. Congress extended the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau and enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which gave blacks the same civil rights as whites.

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Military Reconstruction Districts, 1870

Page 10: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.3: Congressional Reconstruction

Congress and President Johnson had a/an ________________ relationship.adversarial

Johnson opposed the 14th Amendment and wanted Republican lawmakers thrown out of office.

Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Act over Johnson’s veto.

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23.3: Congressional Reconstruction

3. Why did the House of Representatives impeach President Johnson? What was the outcome of the

impeachment trial?

President Johnson was impeached because he fired an official who was protected under the Tenure of Office Act and because the House felt he had brought the office of president into disgrace.

He was spared removal from office by ONE vote.

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23.3: Congressional Reconstruction4. Why did many sharecroppers end up in poverty and debt?

Sharecroppers had to borrow money from plantation owners to buy the supplies they needed. Few earned enough money to pay back what they owed.

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Page 14: Chapter 23: The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship?

23.4: Southern Reconstruction1. Who was banned by Congress from voting, and who were the three groups of new voters in the South? Write each answer on top of the appropriate symbol.

Confederates

White southerners who opposed the war.

Freedmen

Northerners who had moved South after the war.

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23.4 Southern Reconstruction

Republicans learned that for a political party to keep control of the White House, it needed African American votes.

2. What important lesson did Republicans learn in the 1868 presidential election of Ulysses S. Grant?

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23.4 Southern Reconstruction

Changes Under Southern Reconstruction.

15th Amendment

New State Constitutions

New State Governments

African Americans in Office

This constitutional amendment guaranteed every male citizen the right to vote, regardless of race.

New state constitutions were written throughout the South guaranteeing such rights as voting and free public education.

New state governments were composed primarily of Republicans, including many African Americans, who ratified the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and built roads, hospitals, and schools.

African Americans served in every Southern state legislature and in both houses of Congress and held high offices in three states.

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Reconstruction Video LinkReconstruction - American Civil War - HISTORY.com

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23.5: The End of ReconstructionMany southerners hated seeing blacks voting & holding public office.

Southern Democrats tried to use legal means to keep blacks from voting or taking office.

Whites used violence to drive blacks from political life.

Congress passed the Enforcement Acts, making it illegal to prevent someone from voting through bribery, force, or scare tactics.

President Grant sent troops to the South to enforce the acts, but people were still afraid to speak out against the violence being directed at blacks.

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23.5: The End of Reconstruction

2. What was the dispute in the presidential election of 1876? How was it resolved?

Republican candidate Hayes received more electoral votes than Democratic candidate Tilden. Twenty electoral votes were in dispute, and Congress awarded these to Hayes, which outraged Democrats.

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23.5: The End of Reconstruction

2. How was it resolved?

The election was resolved by compromise: Hayes was allowed to take office if he promised to withdraw remaining federal troops from the South.

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23.5: The End of Reconstruction

2. How was it resolved?

The compromise was a DISASTER for blacks. Democrats quickly returned the South to “white man’s rule.”

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Compromise of 1877 Video Link

Compromise of 1877 Video Link

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23.6: Reconstruction ReversedHow did Southern Democrats reverse gains made during

Reconstruction in each of these areas?

EDUCATION

Spending for public schools was cut, many schools closed, and others charged fees.

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23.6: Reconstruction ReversedHow did Southern Democrats reverse gains made during

Reconstruction in each of these areas?

Voting Rights

Many Southern states required citizens to pay a poll tax and pass a literacy test in order to vote. Both requirements excluded many African Americans from voting.

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23.6: Reconstruction ReversedHow did Southern Democrats reverse gains made during

Reconstruction in each of these areas?

Segregation

Democrats reintroduced segregation laws, which kept blacks and whites separate in public.

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23.6: Reconstruction Reversed

2. Make a sketch to illustrate the results of Plessy vs. Ferguson. Include a caption that explains the Supreme Court’s decision in the case and the consequences of that decision.

Sketches might show some form of segregation. Possible caption: In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that separate facilities, as long as they were equal, did not violate the Constitution. However, these separate facilities often favored whites over blacks.

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23.7: Responding to SegregationList two factors that pushed African Americans out of the South after Reconstruction and two factors that pulled them toward the North.

Pull

Attacks and lynching by white mobs; racism; poverty

Push

better opportunities; more equal treatment

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23.7: Responding to SegregationThe North: African Americans still faced racism but could find employment.

The West: African Americans faced discrimination as they moved west, but found work as cowboys and Indian fighters.

The South: African Americans relied on families, churches, and communities to build businesses, provide education, and improve their lives.


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