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CHAPTER 3STYLE SHEETS:
CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
WEB TECHNOLOGIESA COMPUTER SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
Modified by Ahmed Sallam
Based on original slides by Jeffrey C. Jackson
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MOTIVATIONHTML markup can be used to represent
• Semantics: h1 means that an element is a top-level heading
• Presentation: h1 elements look a certain wayIt’s advisable to separate semantics from presentation because:
• It’s easier to present documents on multiple platforms (browser, cell phone, spoken, …)
• It’s easier to generate documents with consistent look
• Semantic and presentation changes can be made independently of one another (division of labor)
• User control of presentation is facilitated
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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STYLE SHEET LANGUAGESCascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general• Focus of this chapter
Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)• Often used to transform one XML document to another form,
but can also add style• XSL Transformations covered in later chapter
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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CSS INTRODUCTIONA styled HTML document
produced by the style sheet style1.css:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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CSS SYNTAXParts of a style rule (or statement)
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGSSingle element type:
Multiple element types:
All element types:
Specific elements by id:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGSSingle element type:
Multiple element types:
All element types:
Specific elements by id:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
type selector
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGSSingle element type:
Multiple element types:
All element types:
Specific elements by id:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
universal selector
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGSSingle element type:
Multiple element types:
All element types:
Specific elements by id:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
ID selector
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Elements belonging to a style class:
• Referencing a style class in HTML:
Elements of a certain type and class:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
class selector
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Elements belonging to a style class:
• Referencing a style class in HTML:
Elements of a certain type and class:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
this span belongs to three style classes
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Elements belonging to a style class:
• Referencing a style class in HTML:
Elements of a certain type and class:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
this rule applies only to span’s belonging to class special
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Source anchor elements:
Element types that are descendents:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
pseudo-classes
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Source anchor elements:
Element types that are descendants:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
rule applies to li element that is
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Source anchor elements:
Element types that are descendants:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
rule applies to li element that ispart of the content of an ol element
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CSS SYNTAX:SELECTOR STRINGS
Source anchor elements:
Element types that are descendants:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
rule applies to li element that ispart of the content of an ol elementthat is part of the content of a ul element
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STYLE SHEETS AND HTMLStyle sheets referenced by link HTML element are called external style sheetsStyle sheets can be embedded directly in HTML document using style element
Most HTML elements have style attribute (value is list of style declarations)
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
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STYLE SHEETS AND HTMLRules of thumb:
• Use external style sheets to define site-wide style• Prefer style sheets (either external or embedded) to style
attributes• XML special characters
• Must use references in embedded style sheets and styleattribute
• Must not use references in external style sheets
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
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CSS BOX MODELEvery rendered element occupies a box:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
(or inner edge)
(or outer edge)
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODELIf multiple declarations apply to a property, the last declaration overrides earlier specifications
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Left border is 30px wide, inset style, and red
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BACKGROUNDSbackground-color
• Specifies background color for content, padding, and border areas
• Margin area is always transparent• Not inherited; initial value transparent
background-image
• Specifies (using url() function) image that will be tiled over an element
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BACKGROUNDS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
<body style="background-image:url('CucumberFlowerPot.png')">
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTIn normal flow processing, each displayed element has a corresponding box
• html element box is called initial containing block and corresponds to entire document
• Boxes of child elements are contained in boxes of parent• Sibling block elements are laid out one on top of the other• Sibling inline elements are one after the other
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUT
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
(body)
(html)
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUT
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Blockelementsonly
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUT
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
htmlbodydiv d1div d2
div d3
div d4
Top edges ofblock boxes arein document order
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTWhat is a “block element”?
• Element with value block specified for its display property• User agent style sheet (not CSS) specifies default values;
typical block elements include html, body, p, pre, div, form, ol, ul, dl, hr, h1 through h6
• Most other elements except li and table-related have inlinespecified for display
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTWhen blocks stack, adjacent margins are collapsed to the size of the larger margin
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTInitial value of width property is auto, which for block boxes means to make the content area as wide as possible within margin/padding constraints:
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Width of block boxesincreases as browserclient area is widened
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTCan also specify CSS length or percentage (of parent’s content width) for width property
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
By default, width of right margin is adjusted to accommodate a change to width
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTCan also specify CSS length or percentage (of parent’s content width) for width property
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Centering can be achieved by settingboth margins to auto
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTBoxes corresponding to character cells and inline elementsare laid out side by side in line boxes that are stacked one on top of the other
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Character cells aligned by baseline
Heights based oncontent
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTPadding/borders/margins affect width but not height of inline boxes
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NORMAL FLOW LAYOUTSpecify value for vertical-align to position an inline element within line box:
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
initial value of vertical-align
![Page 44: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Relative positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
span’s shifted backwards relative to normal flow
![Page 45: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Relative positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
other span’s are not affected
![Page 46: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Relative positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
<span style="background-color:red"> </span><span class="right">Red</span> <span style="background-color:yellow"> </span><span class="right">Yellow</span> <span style="background-color:lime"> </span><span class="right">Green</span>
style rules that move span’saway from normal-flow right edge
![Page 47: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Float positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
style rule that “floats” left
![Page 48: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Float positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
span taken out of normalflow and “floated” to theleft of its line box
![Page 49: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Absolute positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
style rule that moves span relative toupper left corner of containingp element’s box
![Page 50: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWCSS allows for boxes to be positioned outside the normal flow:
• Absolute positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
span’s removed fromnormal flow andpositioned relativeto another box
![Page 51: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWProperties used to specify positioning:
• position: static (initial value), relative, or absolute• Element is positioned if this property not static• Properties left, right, top, bottom apply to positioned
elements• Primary values are auto (initial value) or CSS length
• float: none, left, or right• Applies to elements with static and relative positioning
only
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 52: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWRelative positioning
• Specifying positive value for right property of relatively positioned box moves it to left
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
<span style="background-color:red"> </span><span class="right">Red</span>
spancontainingtext movesleft
![Page 53: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWRelative positioning
• Specifying negative value for left property also moves box to left
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
<span style="background-color:red"> </span><span class="right">Red</span>
sameeffect asbefore
![Page 54: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWFloat positioning
• Specify value for float property
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 55: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWFloat positioning
• Specify value for float property
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Floated element becomes a CSS blockelement (e.g., can set height and width)
![Page 56: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWAbsolute positioning
• Specify location for corner of box relative to positioned containing block
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
margin areapadding area
containingblock
This second paragraph has anote.
p elements are positioned (but don’t move!)
![Page 57: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWAbsolute positioning
• Specify location for edges of box relative to positioned containing block
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 58: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWAbsolute positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
10em padding topedge
padding leftedge
![Page 59: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWAbsolute positioning
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
8em
![Page 60: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
BEYOND NORMAL FLOWAbsolutely positioned box does not affect positioning of other boxes!
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
Second absolutelypositioned boxobscures first
![Page 61: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
CSS POSITION-RELATED PROPERTIESz-index: drawing order for overlaid boxes (largest number drawn last)
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 62: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
CSS POSITION-RELATED PROPERTIESdisplay: value none means that element and its descendants are not rendered and do not affect normal flow
visibility: value hidden (initial value is visible) means that element and its descendants are not rendered but still doaffect normal flow
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 63: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
CSS RULE CASCADEWhat if more than one style declaration applies to a property of an element?
The CSS rule cascade determines which style rule’s declaration applies
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
![Page 64: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
CSS INHERITANCEWhat if no style declaration applies to a property of an element?Generally, the property value is inherited from the nearest ancestor element that has a value for the propertyIf no ancestor has a value (or the property does not inherit) then CSS defines an initial value that is used
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 65: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
CSS INHERITANCE
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 66: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
CSS INHERITANCEProperty values:
• Specified: value contained in declaration• Absolute: value can be determined without reference to
context (e.g., 2cm)• Relative: value depends on context (e.g., larger)
• Computed: absolute representation of relative value (e.g., larger might be 1.2 x parent font size)
• Actual: value actually used by browser (e.g., computed value might be rounded)
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 67: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
CSS INHERITANCEMost properties inherit computed value
• Exception discussed later: line-heightA little thought can usually tell you whether a property inherits or not
• Example: height does not inherit
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights
![Page 68: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
EXTERNAL CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
link element associates style sheet with doc.
![Page 69: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
EXTERNAL CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
type attribute specifies style language used
![Page 70: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
EXTERNAL CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
href attribute provides style sheet URL
![Page 71: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
EXTERNAL CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
title attribute provides style sheet name
![Page 72: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
EXTERNAL CSS
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
![Page 73: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
CSS INTRODUCTION
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0
Alternative, user selectable style sheetscan be specified
![Page 74: CHAPTER 3 STYLE SHEETS: CSSsallamah.weebly.com/uploads/6/9/3/5/6935631/webtech-2015-f-03.pdf · Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) • Applies to (X)HTML as well as XML documents in general](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022050210/5f5d0efeeef69060994b1a1f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CSS & MEDIASingle document can be displayed on multiple media platforms by tailoring style sheets:
This document will be printed differently than it is displayed.
Jackson, Web Technologies: A Computer Science Perspective, © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-185603-0