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Chapter 30The Global Great Depressionand authoritarian response
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The Great Depression was not just a United States thing, it greatly affected the whole world and worsened the existing problems.
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Internal problems (depression)→ questioning the new government who is doing little to help→ rise of strong authoritarian leaders
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Long-Term causes of the Great Dep.
● WWI led to war-induced inflation● over production of farm goods
o new equipment, cheap priceso developing countries pushed production→
prices drop● Reliance of US loans in Europe● Protectionism → high tariffs
o insistence of repayment of debts
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The Great Depression → SPARK
● Oct. 1929 NY Stock market crashed ● Depression spiraled
o This is called a death spiral● social ills led to questioning liberal
demo.● US has to call in loans from Europe
o they can’t pay
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How the GD affected others
● Soviet Union o largely untouched because it was cut off from
the global market● Japan
o severely affected because of exports● LA
o led to new state involvement in the economy
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Social and Cultural effects of the GD
● Educated people can’t get worko that doesn’t make sense
● family roles disruptedo men can’t work so women and children did
● Popular cultural became more sedate● Escapist entertainment
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And it gets worse
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Responses in Western Europe
● First reaction → close and protecto exacerbated the situationo High tariffs other nations stop buyingo government cut spending programs
● Political polarizationo communist/socialists began to gain popularityo conservatives don’t want to change
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Responses in the US
● Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal o offered more direct aid and established
systems like Social Security● As a result, the US did not experience
extreme political movements● Scandinavia will become a welfare
state but the US won’t go that far
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Germany
● Treaty of Versailles → it is that big of a problem
● Fascists promised a strong leader and military policy
● Hitler led the National Socialist Party
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Nazism and Fascism
● Preached unity (nationalism)o too many groups in parliament for unity
● Return to traditional past● fix the wrongs of Versailles● Blame others not Germans
o Jewso Communists
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Totalitarian state
● eliminated political parties● purged bureaucracy and military● secret police● no more trade unions● propaganda● wanted a land empire● made secret deal with USSR
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Spread of Fascism and Spanish Civil War● Nazies were an inspiration to other
struggling nations● Benito Mussolini in Italy
o 1935 attack on Ethiopia to avenge colonial loss earlier
● 1936-1939 civil war in Spaino Parliamentary republic vs military stateo General Franco emerged as leader
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Latin America
● New political parties attacked liberalism and capitalism
● import substitution industrialization● population growth● dependent economies● rise of middle class
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Great Crash in Latin America
● Dependent economies crashed● Vargas regime in Brazil
o sets up an authoritarian government does become more liberal over time supports allies in WWII
● Peron in Argentinao strange comboo supported by the people/laboro went against the catholic church (oops)
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Militarization in Japan
● Authoritarian military rule● 1931 depression but actively
responded to the Depression → suffered less
● mass patriotism and new policies● 1936 attempted coup led to series of
militaristic prime ministers● 1938 Japan ready for wider conquest
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STALIN
● HE controls everythingo collectivization: put all land into mass
holdings by governmento everyone should share equipment
● Kulaks (wealthy landowners)o lose their stuff
● 5 year plano massive factories