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Chapter 4
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Cognition – all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Jean Piaget◦ Theory of Cognitive Development◦ Actually studied children to develop his theory
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A child’s mind develop through stages The maturing brain builds schemas – a
framework to organize information
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◦Using and adjusting our schemas Assimilate new experiences – child uses
old experiences to deal with new situations Ex. Doggies have four legs, all four legged
creatures are doggies Accommodate our schemas to fit new
experiences – child changes old method to adjust to new situations. Ex. Learning that all four legged creatures are
not doggies and that to tell a doggie from a pig, you should look at its face
VIDEO- Schema, Assimilation, Accommodation Start at :40-3:10
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Activity: Complete Piagetan Tasks Go to page 148 Sensorimotor Stage – Birth to Age 2
◦ Discovering the world through senses ◦ (Parents excited about walking for first time..a few days later
they are bumming why?◦ If still have toys from when you were 1 might have bite
marks in them.◦ First schemas begin to form◦ Young infants lack object permanence (until about 8
months old) The awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived At 8 months old, infants begin to look momentarily for toys that
are hidden Video – Object Permanence
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Preoperational Stage – Preschool (About Age 2 to Age 6)◦ Children at this age are too young to perform
mental operations◦ Video – Preoperational Thinking◦ (if babysitting and only 3 crackers left here is a
way to get more)◦ Child lacks the concepts of conservation
Quantity remains the same despite changes in shape. Ex. Milk in a short glass filled to the rim vs. that same
amount of milk poured into a larger glass.
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◦ Egocentric – Children fail to see things from another’s point of view. Many parents mistakenly view their child as being very selfish (up till age 4
◦ Ex.- sharing difficulty◦ Ex.- reaction to friend getting very hurt.◦ Ex- unable to lie.◦ Q When was your first lie?◦ theory of mind- change of mind (4:30)
Theory of mind – Children come to realize (about age 4) that people have minds and thus they think, feel and perceive.
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Autism – a disorder that appears in children and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and impaired theory of mind.
Personal experiences with Autism
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The "False Belief" TestA Child’ world Mind Games: 1/3 0-8:30, 13:30-end 2/3 Beginning to 2:03, 7:30-7:50,
10:10-13:10 2/3 Beginning-8:00 Piaget tasks
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refers to the tendency of children to believe that all objects, animals, and things are living and capable of having feelings, intentions, and emotions. Objects are personified. For example, a preoperational child may explain that it is raining because, "the sun is sad and it's crying." When a child accidentally falls into a wall, he or she may hit it afterwards, as if the wall intended to hurt him or her.
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Concrete Operational Stage – Age 7 to Age 11◦ Child begins to grasp conservation. (Change in
shape does not mean change in quantity) Volume, Area, and Number. Ex.- cutting a sandwich in half or cutting up a
pizza into more slices Review using video from England
REVIEW- BBC DVD on Preoperational vs. Concrete Operational children
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Formal Operation Stage – Age 12 through Adulthood◦ Adolescents and adults develop the ability to
think about and solve abstract problems in a logical manner
◦ Solve hypothetical propositions◦ Q Beginning tomorrow every baby in the world is
born with one leg (doesn’t matter right or left)◦ formal operational child
Develop capacity for moral reasoning NOT necessarily high morals. Re: p. 167
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◦ Basically, the sequence of cognitive development unfolds as Piaget suggests
◦ Piaget underestimated children◦ Movement from stage to stage is not abrupt
rather it is a gradual development. ◦ Movement from stage to stage happens faster
than Piaget thought ◦ Theory does not explain how the change occurs
from stage to stage
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Describe what a child in each of Piaget’s stages would think about Santa Clause. ◦ Sensorimotor◦ Preoperational◦ Concrete Operational◦ Formal Operational