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SOCIALIZATION
Chapter 4
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Section 1
THE IMPORTANANCE OF SOCIALIZATION
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SOCIALIZATION & PERSONALITY
Socialization the process of learning to
participate in a group
How do we know socialization is
important?
How do monkeys react to social isolation?
Harry Harlow
Can we generalize from monkeys to
humans?
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HARLOW EXPERIMENT
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CASE STUDIES ON ISOLATED CHILDREN: ANNA &
ISABELLE
Anna & Isabelle were socially and emotionally
abused
Traumatic childhoods
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Section 2
SOCIALIZATION & THE SELF
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THE FUNCTIONALIST & CONFLICT PERSPECTIVES
ON SOCIALIZATION
How does the functionalist perspective explain
socialization?
Stresses the ways in which groups work together to
create a stable society
How does the conflict perspective explain
socialization?
Views socialization as perpetuating the status quo
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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM & SOCIALIZATION
How does symbolic interactionism help us
understand socialization? The self-concept (an image of yourself as having an identity separate from
other people)
The looking-glass self (an image of yourself based on what you believe
others think of you)
Significant others (those people whose reactions are most important to you)
Role taking (assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that
viewpoint to shape the self concept)
Imitation stageMead’s first stage in the development of role taking, children begin to
imitate behaviors without understanding why
Play stageMead’s second stage in the development of role taking, children act in ways
they imagine other people would
Game stageMead’s third stage in the development of role taking, children anticipate the
actions of others based on social rules
The generalized other ( integrated conception of the norms, values, and
beliefs of one’s community or society)
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“me” is the part of the self formed
through socialization
“I” is the part of the self that accounts
for unlearned, spontaneous acts
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FOCUS ON THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Theoretical Perspective View of Socialization How the Media Influence
Socialization
Functionalism Stresses how socialization
contributes to a stable
society.
Network television
programs encourage social
integation by exposing the
entire society to shared
beliefs, values and norms.
Conflict Theory View socialization as a way
for the powerful to keep
things the same.
Newspaper owners and
editors exercise power by
setting the political agenda
for a community
Symbolic Interactionism Holds that socialization is
the major determinant of
human nature
Through words and
pictures, children’s books
expose the young to the
meaning of love, manners,
and motherhood.
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Section 3
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
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THE FAMILY & SOCIALIZATION
Within the family the child learns to:
1. Think & speak
2. Internalize norms, beliefs, and values
3. Form some basic attitudes
4. Develop a capacity for intimate and personal
relationships
5. Acquire a self-image
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SOCIALIZATION IN SCHOOLS
How do schools socialize students?
Hidden curriculum (the informal and official
aspects of culture that children are taught in
school)
John Holt
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PEER GROUP SOCIALIZATION
How do peer groups contribute to socialization?
Peer groups (set of individuals of roughly the same
age and interests)
Do friends or family have more influence on
young people? Judith Harris
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THE MASS MEDIA AND SOCIALIZATION
What role do the mass media play to
socialization?
What about violence in the mass media (means
of communication designed to reach the
general population)?
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Section 4
PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
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DESOCIALIZATION & RESOCIALIZATION
How does desocialization prepare people for new learning?
Total institutions places in which people are separated
from the rest of society & controlled by officials in charge
Desocialization the process of giving up old norms, values,
attitudes & behaviors
How does resocialization help?
Resocialization the process of adopting new norms,
values, attitudes, and behaviors
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GI JANE
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ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION
Anticipatory socialization the voluntary
process of preparing to accept new norms,
values, attitudes, and behaviors
Reference group group whose norms and
values are used to guide behavior, group with
whom you identify