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Chapter 5Culture, Population Groups, and Economic/Political connections
B. Karnes
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Section 1: Essentials of Culture
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Culture
• A learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guides a person’s daily behavior.
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Ethnic groups
• Cultural groups that share beliefs and practices learned from parents, grandparents, and ancestors.
Jewish people
Islamic or Arabic people
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Acculturation
• Groups borrowing aspects of another culture as the result of long-term contact with another society.
Changes in Native American clothing.
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Domestication
• The taming of plants and animals for human use.
African Cape Buffalo
Typical domestic cow
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Subsistence agriculture
• Farming just enough to feed one family.
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Commercial agriculture
• Farms that produce enough food for large groups and grow one product.
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Civilization
• A highly complex culture with growing cities and economic activity.
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What is culture?
• There are 200 countries in the world with over a hundred languages.
• The core beliefs and practices of people is their culture.
• Basis of culture:
• Government, religion, nationality (where you are from), education
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Aspects
• Types:
• 1. Culture region: area dominated by a particular culture.
• 2. Culture traits: dress, food, religious beliefs.
• These traits influence how a region’s landscape is shaped by culture.
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Ethnic groups
• Cultural groups that share beliefs and practices learned from parents, grandparents, and ancestors.
Jewish people
Islamic or Arabic people
Shared aspects of Ethnic Groups:1. Food2. Language3. Religion4. Holiday traditions
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Multicultural (multiethnic)
• Think United States- a nation of immigrants who came from all over the world and shared their culture.
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Race
• Race is based on inherited physical or biological traits. (confused with ethnic group)
• Examples: white, black, Hispanic, Asian.
• All cultures define race in their own way by ethnic and biological characteristics.
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Cultural change
• Humans and our ideas spread around the world, changing cultures.
• This process is called diffusion.
• Examples: English as the dominant world language for business.
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Symbols
• Symbols help identify cultural differences.
• Symbols give people a sense of belonging and help people communicate.
• Types:
• 1. sounds of language
• 2. flags
• 3. holidays
• 4. clothing
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Development of Culture
• All people have the same basic needs: food, water, clothing, and shelter.
• Factors that influence getting these needs:
• 1. History: shapes culture; reveals cultural changes over time.
• 2. Environment: influences development; the “haves and have-nots” of an area will determine a groups success.
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Development of Agriculture
• Farming was first developed about 10,000-12,000 years ago.
• Before this development, most humans were nomads, migrating around looking for food.
Bedouin herder-Arabian DesertTibetian nomads- Himalayas
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Development of Agriculture
• Wheat was the first plant to be domesticated on a large scale in Asia. Allowed for a food supply.
• This development, like corn farming in the Americas, led to sedentary lifestyles for groups.
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5 main domestic animals
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Civilization
• A civilization has five features:
• 1. organized government and religion
• 2. specialized jobs
• 3. written history
• 4. large cities that support businesses
• 5. technology
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Impact of Agriculture on Civilization
• Civilizations could not exist without farming.
• Reasons:
• 1. Encourages cities to be built
• 2. Gives a food supply
• 3. Enables population growth