Download - Chapter 5 The Operating System and the User Interface Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers
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Chapter 5The Operating System and the User Interface
Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers
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Learning Objectives:• Define the terms “operating system” and “user interface.”
• Name three major functions of the operating system and explain the importance of each function from the user’s perspective.
• List five types of utility software and describe how each can be used to enhance the functionality of an operating system.
• Define the term “multitasking” and list two ways it saves time for a user.
• List three other significant operating systems, aside from DOS and Windows.
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Operating System(OS) - provides an interface for the user, software, hardware, and file management.
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Functions of the Operating System:
• Provides the instruction to display the on-screen elements with which you interact.
• Loads programs into the computer’s memory so that you can use them.
• Coordinates how programs work with the CPU, RAM, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other hardware as well as with other software.
• Manages the way information is stored on and retrieved from disks.
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Operating Systems:• DOS• Windows 95• Windows 98• Windows NT• OS/2 Warp• Mac OS• UNIX
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DOS uses a command-line interface.
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Windows 98 features the Active Desktop.
A single user interface allows a user to browsethe internet and the local computer resources.
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Graphical User Interface (GUI) - (pronounced “gooey”) Uses graphics (icons) to represent commands and programs which are chosen using a mouse.
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Icon - a graphic that represents printers, fonts, document files, folders, and so on.
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Most people like icons because it’s easy tounderstand them and remember what they do.
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Factors When Upgrading Your Operating System:
• CPU Type
• Memory
• Disk Space
• Compatibility
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Operating System Services:• Saves the contents of files to a disk for permanent
storage.• Reads the contents of a file from disk into memory.• Sends a document to the printer and activates the
printer.• Provides resources that let you copy or move data
from one document to another, or from one program to another.
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A hierarchical file system
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Files can be managed with Windows Explorer.
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Operating System Services:
• Allocates RAM among various programs that you may have open.
• Performs the seemingly simple activity of recognizing keystrokes or mouse clicks and displaying characters or graphics on the screen.
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The operating system acts as an intermediarybetween the software and the hardware.
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O.L.E. (Object Linking and Embedding - data is copied from one type of document and embedded into another. The data that is copied retains a link with the original document.
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Multitasking - means being able to perform two or more procedures at the same time--such as printing a multipage document, sending e-mail over the Internet, and typing a letter--all simultaneously.
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Interrupt Request (IRQ) - used by the operating system to send requests to use memory and other hardware devices attached to the computer system.
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Operating System Utilities:
• File Defragmentation
• Data Compression
• Backup Software
• Data Recovery Software
• Antivirus Utilities
• Screen Savers
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Defragmenting the hard drivecan make file access faster.
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Learning Objectives:Chapter 5 Review
• Define the terms “operating system” and “user interface.”
• Name three major functions of the operating system and explain the importance of each function from the user’s perspective.
• List five types of utility software and describe how each can be used to enhance the functionality of an operating system.
• Define the term “multitasking” and list two ways it saves time for a user.
• List three other significant operating systems, aside from DOS and Windows.