Download - Chapter 5 Tissues
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Chapter 5Tissues
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Intercellular Connections
• Individual cells connect to form tissues 3 ways:– Tight junctions-
– Desmosome- adhesion between cells in spots. Allows from some permeability.
– Gap junctions- cytoplasms of adjacent cells are connected through transport proteins. • Ions can pass freely through cells.
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Intercellular Connections
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Tissue TypesA tissue is a group of cells with a common
structure & functionThe human body is composed of four
main tissue types:
1. 2. Connective 3. 4. Nerve
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Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
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Characteristics Always has a free (apical) surface
exposed to outside or open space. Has a basement membrane to
anchor underlying tissue
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Functions Covers body surfaces Protects Absorbs Excretes
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Classified by Shape Squamous – Cuboidal – Columnar –
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Classified by ShapeMay occur in layers: Simple – Stratified – 2 or more layers Pseudostratified –
Example – simple cuboidal Example – stratified columnar
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Examples of Epithelial Tissue
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s
Simple Squamous- Thin, flattened cells. Allow for diffusion and filtration. Line air sacs of
lungs and walls of capillaries.
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Simple cuboidal-single layer of cube shaped cells. Lines follicles of thyroid gland, kidneys and ducts of certain glands.
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Simple columnar- single layer of elongated cells. Can contain cilia, used for protection and absorption in digestive tract.
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Stratified squamous- Layers of squamous cells. Make up epidermis and line cavities exposed to external environment.
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Stratified columnar- Several layers of columnar cells overlying cuboidal cells near the basement membrane.
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar- Appear stratified but are not. Often contain cilia and goblet cells which secrete mucus.
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnarw/goblet cells- Line Respiratory passages to trap
unwanted particles
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Transitional tissue- Changes in response to change in tension. Line urinary bladder and urethra.
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Glandular Epithelium• Specialized to secrete substances•
• Those that secrete substances into ducts that open onto a surface are
• Those that secrete into tissues or blood are
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Classifying Glands by Structure• Simple-
• Compound- duct that does branch before secretory portion.
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Classifying Glands by Type of Secretions
3 types:
• • • Small portions of cells • in secretions• No loss of cytoplasm Ex. – mammary glands
in secretions• Ex. – pancreas
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Classifying by Secretions
• Secretions w/entire cells filled w/secretoryproducts; ex. – sebaceous (oil) glands
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Connective Tissue
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Functions 1. connects 2. 3. protects 4. 5. fills spaces
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Functions 6. stores fat 7. 8. protects against infection 9. 10.helps repair damaged tissue
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Characteristics 1. Consists of cells in a matrix
(intercellular material) 2. Cells some distance apart 3. 4.
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Types of Fibers:1. collagenous – composed of
collagen (protein); have great tensile strength; slightly elastic; compose bones, tendons & ligaments
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Types of Fibers - continued
elastic – composed of elastin (protein); very elastic but weaker; compose vocal cords & air passages of lungs
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Types of Fibers - continued Reticular – composed of very fine
collagenous fibers.
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Types of Cells1. Fixed cells – stay in one place &
have stable numbers; 2 types:
fibroblasts – large & star-shaped; most prevalent
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Types of Cells - continued mast cells – may release heparin
(for blood clotting) & histamines (promotes allergic reactions & inflammation); usually located near blood vessel walls
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Types of Cells - continued2. Wandering cells – macrophages –
(Purple cells – macrophages, Green cells – T-lymphocytes)
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Examples of Connective Tissue
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Areolar tissue- binds the skin to underlying organs and under epithelium to provide bloodflow.
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Adipose tissue- connective tissue composed of fats, cushion joints and provide insulation
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Regular dense connective- strong fibers bind body parts together. Found in ligaments and tendons.
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Irregular dense connective- disorganized and strong. Found in the dermis
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Hyaline cartilage- Most common, found on ends of bones, nose cavity and supporting rings of resp. system.
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Fibrocartilage- tough tissue containing collagenous fibers. Shock absorbers between vertebrae.
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Elastic cartilage- flexible cartilage make up ears and larynx
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Blood - platelets
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Blood – red cells & white cell
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Elastic connective
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Reticular connective
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Bone- A- central canal (contains blood vessels) B- Canaliculi- minute tubes allow for movement between cells.
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Bone- D- Lamellae (layers of osetocytes), C- osteocytes
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Muscle & Nerve Tissue
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Muscle Tissue3 types: Skeletal-
Used for movement Smooth- lacks striations found in
skeletal, used for involuntary movements Ex- move food through digestive tract
Cardiac-
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3 Types of Muscle Tissue
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Smooth muscle- B- nucleus
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Skeletal muscle- A- striations, B- nucleus
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Cardiac muscle
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Nervous Tissue
• Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
• Cells called neurons–
• Also include neuroglia cells (support cells)– Support the function of the neurons
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Nerve tissue – A- neuron, B- Axon, C- neuroglia