Download - Chapter 6
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CHAPTER 6 The Renaissance and Reformation
Section 1: The Italian Renaissance
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ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Renaissance means rebirth
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ITALIAN BACKGROUND Major city centers
Venice: Republic ruled by oligarchy, Byzantine origins
Milan: Visconti and Sforza families
Florence (Tuscany): Republic ruled by the Medici
Papal States: Ruled by the Pope
Kingdom of Naples: King of Aragon
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ITALY- THE CRADLE OF THE RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance first developed in Italy in the 14th century. ( 1350 AD)
Long distance trade in the Mediterranean had continued after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
Urban life had remained strong in Italy.
Memories of the Roman Empire were everywhere to be seen.
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GEOGRAPHY Italy suffered the least from the collapse
because of its position extending into the Mediterranean.
Italy was a natural point of contact betweenEurope and the Byzantine Empire. (Eastern Roman Empire)
The Crusades poured much wealth into Italy.
Carrying trade provided huge profits to such maritime states as Venice and Pisa.
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PEOPLE OF ITALY Often at war with each other, the
states of Italy shared many elements.
Italians mostly spoke dialects of the same language.
Italians saw themselves as the natural heirs of the Roman Empire.
All were members of the Roman Church
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HUMANITIES• Interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture
• Characteristics of good education• Scholastic education gave way to classics: rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin, Greek
• Humanists emphasized individual accomplishment
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PETRARCH Petrarch is often called the “Father of
Humanism”
During his travels, he collected crumbling Latin manuscripts and was a prime mover in the recovery of knowledge from writers of Rome and Greece.
Focus on the individual and his dignity
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RENAISSANCE POLITICS
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)-- “The Prince”
The goal of the prince must be power
Cynical view of human nature
Fear is a better motivator than affection
Politics as the art of deception
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PATRONS OF THE ARTS
• Renaissance artists worked for whoever offered them highest price
• Buyers of art, (patrons), might be wealthy individuals, city governments, or church
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COMPETITION AMONG PATRONS
Wealthy individuals competed with each other, displaying wealth through purchase of artworks,
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RENAISSANCE ART What was different?
Realism Perspective - the way in which objects
appear to the eye Classical (pagan) themes Geometrical arrangement of figures Light and shadowing Softening of edges Backgrounds Artist able to live from commissions
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RENAISSANCE MAN Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields
Deep knowledge of skill in one area
Able to link areas and create new knowledge
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The Four Turtles
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LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)
True Renaissance Man
Scientist, inventor, engineer and naturalist
Dissected Corpses
Short attention span
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Leonardo da VinciVirgin of the Rocksca. 1485oil on wood6 ft. 3 in. x 3 ft. 7 in.
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MONA LISA
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MICHELANGELO
Michelangelo (1475 – 1564)
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Incredible energy and endurance
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PIETA’
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DAVID
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DAVID
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Sistine Chapel
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SISTINE CHAPEL
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SISTINE CHAPEL
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MOSES Received funding
from Pope Leo X The Moses
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RAPHAEL
Raphael (1483-1520)
Man of great sensitivity and kindness
Died at the age of 37
“The School of Athens”
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RAPHAEL
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SCHOOL OF ATHENS
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MADONNA OF THE MEADOW
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DONATELLO Donatello - 1386 – 1466 His most famous work is the free-standing, sensual, bronze sculpture, David
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DONATELLODavidSaint George Mary Magdalene
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DonatelloDavidca. 1428-1432bronze5 ft. 2 1/4 in. high