Download - Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
“Faith is a fine invention when
gentlemen can see, but microscopes are
prudent in an emergency.”
Emily Dickinson
Question ? Can cells be seen with the
naked eye?
Light Microscope - LM
Light MicroscopeOccular Lens
Objective Lens
Stage with specimen
Light Source
Magnification
Resolution
Limitations - LM
Electron Microscopes
TEM SEM
Advantages
Disadvantages
Transmission Electron Microscope - TEM
TEM Limitations
Scanning Electron Microscope - SEM
Excellent views of surfaces. Produces 3-D views. Live specimens possible.
Limitations Lower magnifications than
the TEM.
Cell Biology or Cytology
Cyto = cell - ology = study of
Should use observations from several types of microscopes to make a total picture of how a cell is put together.
Other Tools for Cytology
Cell Fractionation
Cell Fractionation
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
History of Cells
History of Cells 1833 - Robert Brown,
discovered the nucleus. 1838 - M.J. Schleiden,
all plants are made of cells. 1839 - T. Schwann,
all animals are made of cells. 1840 - J.E. Purkinje, coined
the term “protoplasm”.
Cell Theory
R. Virchow
Types of Cells Prokaryotic –
Eukaryotic -.
Both Have:
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Why Are Cells So Small?
Basic Cell Organization
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm or Cytosol
Organelle
Organelles - function
You must be able to:
Nucleus
Structure
Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Pores
Nucleolus
Chromatin Chrom: colored - tin: threads
Nucleus - Function
Ribosomes
Subunits
Locations Free in the cytoplasm -.
Membrane bound -
Endomembrane System
Endomembrane System
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure of ER
Types of ER Smooth ER:
Rough ER:
Golgi Apparatus
Structure Has 2 Faces Cis face –
Trans faceface - -
Function of Golgi Bodies
Golgi Vesicles
Lysosome
Function
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Protists
Plants
Function
Function: Plant vacuole
Microbodies Peroxisomes:
Glyoxysomes:
Enzymes in a crystal
Mitochondria .
Inner Membrane
Function
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Inner or Thylakoid Membranes
Function
Chloroplasts
Plastids
Examples Amyloplasts/ Leucoplasts –
Chromoplasts -
Ergastic Materials
Cytoskeleton
Functions
Components
Intermed. Microtubules Microfilament Filaments Hollow Solid Cables Tubulin Actin (Keratin) Dynein Cilia/Flagella Muscle Anchors Contraction Organelles Cell Division
Microtubules
Tubulin .
Microtubules
Microtubules
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia and Flagella
Dynein Protein
Centrioles
Basal Bodies
Basal Body
MTOCs
Microfilaments
Microfilaments are stained green.
Functions
Intermediate Filaments
Functions
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Plant Cell Walls
Primary Wall
Secondary Wall
Middle Lamella
Cell Walls .
Extracellular Matrix - ECM
Intercellular Juctions
Plasmodesmata
Intercellular Juctions
Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
Summary Answer: Why is Life cellular
and what are the factors that affect cell size?
Be able to identify cellular parts, their structure, and their functions.