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CHAP6. ASSESSING
SCIENCE LEARNING
Elementary Science Methods
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Assessment vs. Evaluation Often both are used interchangeably. Assessment: a process of gathering
information about student learning for decision making.
Evaluation: typically a broader concept; focuses on the overall experience.
We’ll use “assessment” to discuss student learning.
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Who uses Assessment? (p. 139)
Teacher
Students
Parents
District
State
National
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Assessment & Inquiry Science
Key questions (NRC, 2001)
1. Where are students trying to go?
2. Where are students now?
3. How are students going to get there?
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Keeping Assessment Straight Validity The extent to which what we intend to measure. Match the objectives or goals. Reliability The extent to which an experiment, test, or any
measuring procedure yields the same result on repeated trials.
Consistent, predictable, and dependable.
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Validity & Reliability
Neither ReliableNor Valid
Reliable Not Valid
Both ReliableAnd Valid
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Assessment in the Classroom Three types of assessment
Diagnostic (pre-assessment)FormativeSummative
Two approaches to assessmentTraditional Alternative
Formal vs. Informal (questioning, experience charts, science record pages, science notebooks, checklists)
=> Depend largely on the type of objectives
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Diagnostic Assessment
before starting teaching. to discover needed information about
your students’ knowledge, interests, abilities, and preferences.
help teachers adjust instructional strategies to students’ individual differences and decide learning experiences that encourage students’ progress.
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Formative Assessment
collect data on student learning during a lesson.
include formal and informal processes. link to scaffolding to provide feedback to teachers and
students over the course of instruction. to modify instruction and the curriculum
to the benefit of the learner.
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Summative Assessment
Cumulative. generally takes place after a period of
instruction. requires making a judgment about the
learning that has occurred (e.g., by grading or scoring a test or paper) .
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Traditional Assessment Approach1. Unit or chapter homework
2. Quizzes
3. Tests (true/false, matching, multiple
choice, completion, short-answer, essay,
etc.)
4. Standardized tests
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Alternative Assessment Approach Assessments that differ in form than
traditional paper-and-pencil assessments.
Addresses different learning / testing styles.
i.e. build a frame to hold an egg so it does not crack or break when dropped 20 vertical feet.
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Alternative Assessment Approach
1. Portfolios
2. Oral/Written Pictorial Interpretations
3. Anecdotal Records
4. Concept Mapping
5. Science Journals
6. Performance Assessment
7. Laboratory Practical
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1. Portfolio Assessment A purposeful and representative
collection of student work that conveys a story of progress, achievement and / or effort. student is involved in selecting pieces of
work. criteria for selection and evaluation need
to be made clear prior to selection.
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2. Oral/Written Pictorial Interpretations
Ask students to respond to pictorial situations
Song et al. (2008)
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3. Anecdotal Records
Teacher generated notes related to student academic progress, behavior, emotional development, or social development.
Useful in explaining and / or justifying student progress.
Includes specific dates, times, events, etc.
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4. Concept Mapping
Learners organize their knowledge into
connected network, “knowledge
structures”
Involves the use of central themes,
ideas, or concepts and juxtaposing them
to reflect interrelationships.
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5. Science Journals (Notebooks)
Student generated
Record of thoughts, reflections, and work
Can be used to demonstrate conceptual
understanding
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6. Performance Assessment
Assessments that allow students to demonstrate their understandings and skills (to a teacher or an outsider) as they perform a certain activity.
They are evaluated by a teacher or an outsider on the quality of their ability to perform specific tasks and the products they create in the process.
E.g., model building, demonstrations, projects, science fair projects
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7. Laboratory Practical
Used to assess specific knowledge related
to laboratory experiences.
Often set up as stations where students
answer questions or perform specific tasks.
Type of performance assessment.
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* Scoring guide: Rubrics
A type of scoring guide consisting of a number of evaluative criteria that are precisely describe according to level of quality, usually with points assigned to each level.
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Outcomes of Teacher’s Assessment Strategies
Inform and Evaluate Student Progress
Improving Classroom Practice
Planning Curricula
Developing Self-directed Learners
Researching Teaching Practice
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Reporting Student ProgressProgress reports provide information about: The teacher's performance standards and
criteria for evaluation. A student's progress from marking period to
marking period and from year to year. A student's progress in mastering the
science curriculum. A student's achievement measured against
standards-based criteria.
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Assessment at District, State or National LevelsAssessments may be conducted by authorities external to the classroom for the purposes of:
Formulating policy. Monitoring the effects of policies. Enforcing compliance with policies. Demonstrating accountability. Making comparisons. Monitoring progress toward goals.
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Final Thoughts on Assessment
Be sure your assessment is authentic
Be fair in assessment practices
Communicate expectations with your
students
Use multiple formats
Assess students’ knowledge, understanding,
and abilities to inquire