![Page 1: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7: States of Consciousness
![Page 2: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Consciousness?
•Consciousness has been defined by psychologists as our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
•The awareness varies depending on our attention to the task at hand. Ex: driving.
![Page 3: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Consciousness and Information Processing
•Consciousness describes what we are aware of but many things are processed outside of our “consciousness.”
•Difficult or novel tasks require more conscious attention than well learned tasks.
•Consciousness has a limited capacity
![Page 4: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Daydreams and Fantasies
• Almost everyone daydreams at one point or another.
• Young adults tend to fantasize more than older adults, and admit to more sexual fantasies.
• Although 95% of all people have sexual fantasies, men tend to fantasize more than women.
•Fantasy-prone personality: someone who imagines and recalls experiences with lifelike vividness and who spends considerable time fantasizing.
![Page 5: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why Might Daydreaming Be Helpful and Adaptive
for Humans?•A way to escape•Prepare for future events•Aware of unfinished business
•Increase creativity•Substitute for impulsive behavior
![Page 6: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biological Rhythms•Biological Rhythms:
periodic physiological fluctuations built into human beings.
Ex: 28 day menstrual cycle, 24 hour alertness cycle, annual cycle, 90 minute sleep cycles.
•Circadian Rhythm: biological clock that regulates body rhythms on a 24 hour cycle….larks vs. owls.
![Page 7: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sleep
•Sleep: refers to the periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness.
•Using an EEG, sleep researchers have shown the mind is “awake” during various stages of sleep.
![Page 8: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sleep Stages: NREM-1/Stage 1
• As we lay with our eyes closed we are in an awake but highly relaxed state characterized by alpha waves (slow waves) being emitted from our brain.
• As we fall asleep, we have a 50% decrease in alpha wave activity…sometimes referred to as “drowsy sleep.”
• During NREM-1 sleep, we often experience hallucinations: false sensory experiences. We may feel a sensation of falling or floating.– 5 minutes
![Page 9: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NREM-2/Stage 2: Sleep Spindles
• After about 5 minutes in NREM-1, you sleep into NREM-2 sleep which is characterized by Sleep Spindles: bursts of rapid, rhythmic, brain wave activity.
• Stage where you are clearly asleep, sleep talking can occur in this stage or any other later stage. – 20 minutes
![Page 10: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NREM-3/Stage 3: Transition Stage
•Stage Three begins your descent into “slow wave sleep.”
•Delta Waves: (large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep) begin appearing in stage 3 but are increasingly apparent in Stage 4.
![Page 11: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Did you hear that storm last night??
![Page 12: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NREM-3 continued“Stage Four”: Delta Waves•Stage of deep sleep characterized by Delta Waves.
•Stage when you are hard to awaken…but still aware of stimuli around you.
•Stage at which children may wet the bed or sleep walk.
•Also experience night terrors.
![Page 13: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Night Terrors
•Occur during late NREM-3 sleep and are characterized by high arousal and an appearance of terror but are seldom remembered.
![Page 14: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
R.E.M. Sleep (Paradoxical Sleep)
•After NREM-3, your bodies cycles back to NREM-2, NREM-1, and into REM sleep.
•A Normal Sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes.
![Page 15: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
R.E.M. Sleep (Paradoxical Sleep)
• R.E.M.: rapid eye movement sleep, stage where vivid dreams occur. Known as Paradoxical because muscles are relaxed yet body is highly active.
• Heart rate increases, Breathing more rapid, eyes dart behind lids.
• Genitals become aroused during R.E.M. sleep even when dreams are not sexual in nature.
• As sleep cycle continues, R.E.M. sleep gets longer and longer.
![Page 16: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Brain Waves and Stages of Sleep
![Page 18: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
So Why Do We Sleep?
•Most people will sleep for 9 hours if they could
•Sleep debt•Decrease in work productivity• Increase in auto accidents•Suppressed immune system•Alter metabolic and hormonal
functioning•Decrease in performance and
creativity
![Page 20: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sleep Function
•Theories:–Sleep protects–Helps us recuperate–Restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day’s experience
–Feeds creative thinking–Supports growth (pituitary gland)
![Page 21: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sleep Deprivation
![Page 22: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sleep Disorders
• Insomnia: inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.
•10-15 % of adults•Sleeping pills and
alcohol might make it worse–Less REM sleep
![Page 23: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sleep Disorders•Narcolepsy: a sleep
disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks often at inopportune times. – Usually 5 minutes– 1 in 2000 people
• R.E.M. sleep occurs at wrong time. Very little N.R.E.M. sleep goes directly to R.E.M.
• Cause- lack of neurotransmitter hypocretin
![Page 25: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sleep Disorders•Sleep Apnea: sleep
disorder characterized by a temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary awakenings.
• Often complained about as “snoring.”
• Often interrupts deep sleep stages leaving person feeling exhausted.
![Page 26: Chapter 7: States of Consciousness. Warm Up Pick up Sleep Quiz on the overhead](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022216/5697bfc01a28abf838ca396b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tips for Sleeping
1.Relax before bed2.Avoid caffeine3.A glass of milk4.Regular cycle5.Exercise regularly,but
not in the late evening