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Chapter 7
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The unequal distribution of:WealthPowerPrestige
Due to meritocracy or social stratification
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Structured Social InequalityCriteria:
RaceClassGender Age
Whatever is socially important
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1. Characteristic of society
2. Persists over generations
3. All societies stratify their members
4. Maintained through beliefs (ideology) Divine right of kings White man’s burden Work hard and you will achieve
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1. Slavery2. Caste system3. Social class
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Most extreme form of stratification
People are propertyCan be bought and sold
Provide labor
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Status determined by heredity (birth)
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Social ClassSystem based on access to
resources: Wealth Power Prestige
Sociologists refer to it as socioeconomic status (or SES).
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The Role of Social Class in the
“Pursuit of Happiness”
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http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/05/07/us/1194840031120/defining-the-american-dream.html
Land of Opportunity Rags to Riches
Anyone can become rich, famous, powerful
Jobs & education available to all
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Born to poor Jewish parents in Brooklyn, New York. First member of his family to attend college. Worked his way up from a salesperson for XeroxBecame CEO of Starbucks, and oversaw its rapid growth, leaving him a net worth of $1.6 billion by 2013.
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Grew up in tough South Boston.Dropped out of school at age 14.Pursued a life of petty crime and drugs. Wake up call after serving time for assault, and decided to turn his life around. Estimated net worth of $165 million
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Raised by grandmother in poor rural Mississippi
Became a millionaire at age 32 when her talk show went national
Current net worth estimated to be $2.7 billion
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Richest people in U.S. keep getting richer. Harder to join ranks of 400 wealthiest
AmericansPrice of entry to The Forbes 400 this year is
$1.55 billion Highest since Forbes started tracking American
wealth in 1982
Last year it took $1.3 billion to score a spot. Bar so high, 113 U.S. billionaires didn’t make the
cut
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http://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2014/09/29/inside-the-2014-forbes-400-facts-and-figures-about-americas-wealthiest/
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Core of “American Dream”
Movement of families up and down the economic ladder
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WEALTH Valued possessions: cash, land, buildings,
property Passed generation to generation Income=Money from employment, shares etc.
POWER Ability to carry out one’s will, even if opposed
by others PRESTIGE
Respect given to people with valued positions or resources
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMhvYeQPOcE
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http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/08/22/video-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class/
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Upper class: Wealthiest people in U.S. About 1% of the U.S. population Most of the wealth of the country How the very rich live http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDPBxN9Ez1o&feature=related Playhouses http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feApzG9FUuY&feature=related
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People’s opportunities to provide themselves with:
Material goods,Positive living conditions, and
Favorable life experiences.
(Gerth and Mills 1958)
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Life chances are reflected in measures such as:
Housing
Education
Health
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Occupying a higher social class improves your life chances and
Brings greater access to social rewards
In contrast, people in the lower social classes are:
Forced to devote a larger proportion of their limited resources
To necessities of life
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Relative deprivation is a measure of poverty based on living standards
People are considered poor if their standard of living is less than that of other members of society.
(Subjective measure)
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In the U.S., the federal poverty line (an absolute measure)
Used to determine who should be categorized as poor
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An objective measure of poverty defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for:
FoodShelterClothingHealth care
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http://vimeo.com/84062548
http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/videos/zq2rpw/-poor--in-america
What are the characteristics of the “poor”?
http://poverty.ucdavis.edu/who-poor-basic-characteristics-poor
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Karl Marx: Two main social classes in capitalist societies:
Capitalists (or bourgeoisie), who own the means of production
Workers (or proletariat), who sell their labor for wages
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Max Weber: Social Class has 3 components:
1.Class (Wealth: money, investments)
2.Status (Prestige)
3.Party (Power)
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The way we use status differences to
categorize ourselves and others Erving Goffman: Social class
indicated by: Clothing Speech Gestures Possessions Friends Activities
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Functions:
Motivates people to achieve
Allocates people into jobsPoor provide jobs for others
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Theory in Everyday Life