Chapter 8 An Introduction To
Metabolism
Catabolic Pathways
Activation Energy
Potential Energy
Activation Energy
Energy Transformation
.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Summary
The quantity of energy in the universe is constant, but its quality is not.
Free Energy
G = H - TS
G = free energy of a system
H = total energy of a system
T = temperature in oK
S = entropy of a system
Free Energy of a System
Free Energy Changes
Spontaneous Process
Chemical Reactions
Reaction Types
Exergonic:
Endergonic:
Exergonic/Endergonic
Biological Examples
Exergonic –
Endergonic -
Cell - Types of Work
Adenine
Ribose
Phosphates
ATP vs Food
ATP:
Food:
ATP in Cells
A cell's ATP content is recycled every minute.
Humans use close to their body weight in ATP daily.
No ATP production equals quick death.
Chemical Reaction
AB + CD AC + BD
Enzyme Terms
Substrate –
- ase
Models of How Enzymes Work
1.
2.
Lock and Key Model
Induced Fit Model
Substrate
Active Site
Factors that Affect Enzymes
Enzyme Inhibitors
Competitive
Noncompetitive -
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric Regulation
Control of Metabolism
Feedback Inhibition
.
Summary
Recognize that Life must follow the Laws of Thermodynamics.
The role of ATP in cell energy.
How enzymes work.