CHAPTER 8ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW
GOVERNMENT
• _______________________- 1st President• __________________- formal
ceremony starting term, taking the oath of office
• Left hand on a Bible, raised right hand
• Added “so help me God”• No other European country could
serve as an example of a republic!
• Establishing a Cabinet• Secretary of State:
_________________• Secretary of the
Treasury: _________________
• Secretary of War: Knox• Attorney General:
Randolph
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• Different Visions• Alexander Hamilton
(________________)• wanted America to be an urban,
industrial country with a diverse economy
• Thomas Jefferson (________________)• wanted America to be rural and
agricultural
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One of the biggest problems facing the new administration was the lack of ___________.
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• __________________________• levy taxes
• import tariffs and _____________tax (a tax paid for the manufacture or sale of certain goods and services within a country)
• repay money borrowed during the Revolution
• repay debts incurred by the states• establish a _____________________
(major share privately owned)
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• Differing Views• the assumption of state
debts• the establishment of a
national bank• political parties
• Federalist Party: led by __________________
• Democratic-Republicans (Republicans): led by __________________
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• The ______________ Rebellion• Farmers in western
Pennsylvania, who were angry over the whiskey tax, attacked federal officials.
• Washington offered the rebels a group ___________if they would agree to abide by law, but they refused.
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• Washington led a force of militiamen against the rebels, proving the nation’s commitment to the ________________.
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• Establishing the Federal Court System• _______________ of
1789• Supreme Court: led by
________________• Federal district courts:
one located in each of the thirteen states
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• _________________ of appeals: established to hear appeals sent up by the federal courts and state supreme courts
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Congress’s first order of business: the
______________________________________
The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in
late ___________.
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• Fighting Indians on the __________________• The government broke
many of its treaties with the Indians along the frontier in order to take their land.
• The Indians began to fight back in an attempt to save their lands.
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• Battle of __________________________________• Anthony Wayne: the
hero of Fallen Timbers• Treaty of
_______________: The Indians gave up their claim to half of Ohio.
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Although the United States had established its independence with its victory in the Revolution, other world _________________ were unsure of
its strength.
Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149
• America and the ___________________• The French Revolution
took a different approach than the American Revolution.
• At first, the Americans supported it, but this soon changed.
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• Washington proposed a policy of _______________ in European affairs.• Neutrality
Proclamation: declared America “impartial” to all possible foreign foes
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• ________________• French agent who
tested the Neutrality Proclamation
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• Trouble with the British• _________________:
disagreement over the rights of neutral countries at sea
• _________________• the seizing of American
sailors to serve on British ships
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• The _____________, 1794• Very unpopular• United States: agreed
to limit trade with France and pay British citizens what they owed them
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• ___________: agreed to abandon their forts in the Northwest, pay the United States for ships seized, and open some ports in the British West Indies to American trade
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• Settling Differences with Spain• ____________ continued to
threaten American settlements along the frontier.
• ____________________: gave the United States the right of deposit and established the border along the thirty-first parallel
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Washington’s most important precedent was
his ___________ surrender of
power.
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• Washington’s Farewell• avoid _______________________• avoid entangling alliances• avoid ________________• Henry Lee called Washington, “First in
war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”
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• The __________________• Republican candidate:
Thomas Jefferson • Opposed by Aaron Burr
• Federalist candidate: John Adams (1st vice president)
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• In ____________________________________________• Adams was well qualified
for the presidency but was never as popular as Washington and was undermined by internal conflicts in his cabinet.
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George Washington had set a good example as the first president. The country was growing
_______________. But President Adams still had
a difficult job ahead of him.
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• The ______________• The French (in
response to the Jay Treaty) began targeting American shipping
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• American Envoys Meet French Agents• Adams sent John
Marshall and Elbridge Gerry to assist Thomas Pinckney in negotiating with the French.
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• __________ agents (X, Y, and Z) sought a bribe from the American envoy sent to meet with the French government.
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• A Call to Arms• In response, ___________
began preparing the country for war.
• Forty ships were built, including the
U. S. S. Constitution.• “_______________”:
undeclared war between the United States and France
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• War Avoided• Convention of 1800:
peace agreement with France, ending the “quasi war,” signed by President John Adams
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• The _______________ Acts• Supported by the Federalists• purpose: to protect the
country in war and limit the power of the Republicans
• _________________ Act: extended the time required to gain American citizenship
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• _____________ Act: allowed the president to imprison or expel any “dangerous” foreigner
• _____________ Act: any person who wrote or published anything false or malicious against the government could be fined and imprisoned.
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• Opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts• ____________ and
________________Resolutions: written by Madison and Jefferson, never went into effect
• ___________________: The states had the right to nullify any federal law within its boundaries.
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• The Disputed __________________• candidates
• Federalist: Adams• Republican: Jefferson
• winner: Jefferson/Burr
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Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government p. 156
One of John Adams’s final accomplishments was the appointment of a new chief justice
to the Supreme Court. His appointment had
far-reaching effects on the power of the court.
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• The Appointment of ______________________• John Marshall
• appointed chief justice shortly before Adams left office
• believed that the judiciary branch was “the weakest of the three departments of power”
• strengthened the court system
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• The Judiciary Bill and the Midnight Judges• “_______________”
: Adams appointed fifty-eight new judges the night before he left office.
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• ______________________________________• judicial review: gave
the court the power to determine the constitutionality of a law
• Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 _________________
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