Download - Chapter 8: Political Geography - Quia
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Chapter 8: Political Geography
The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
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Case Study – pg 240
What is the main idea of the story?
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Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
– Problems of defining states (pg 241) • state - ??
– what is the largest?
• sovereignty -?? – Almost all habitable land belongs to a country today
– Are there any large landmasses that do not belong to any state? – In 1940, there were about 50 countries – Today, there are 192 countries (as evidenced by United Nations membership)
– Korea – one state or two? • What’s the story here?
– China and Taiwan – one state or two • Are both considered members of the UN? • What’s the story here? Is it the same as in Korea? • What was the outcome?
– Western Sahara (Sahrawi Republic) • ???
– Polar Regions: Many Claims (pg 242) • claims for what purpose? • who does it belong to?
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Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
• Varying Size of States – Largest - ?? Smallest - ??
• microstates - ?? How many??
• Development of the state concept (pg 243) • Ancient and Medieval states – such as?? ; location??? • Colonies
– colonialism-?? why?? Who had the most colonies? » what was the smallest colony? » imperialism-??
– Few Remaining Colonies - ??? » most populous-? » least populous-?
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United Nations Members
Figure 8-2
Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
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National Claims to the Arctic
Figure 8-5
Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
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Colonial Possessions, 1914
Figure 8-8
Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
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Colonial Possessions, 2006
Figure 8-9
Key Issue 1 Where Are States Located?
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Key Issue 2 Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems?
• Shapes of states (pg 247) – Five basic shapes
• Compact- ? = efficient – why? • Elongated -? = potential isolation (examples (from book: ??) • Prorupted -?; why are they created? who?? = access or
disruption • Perforated - ? = South Africa • Fragmented - ? = problematic (examples (from book: ??)
– Landlocked states • landlocked states - ???
– where they mostly?
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Shapes of States in Southern Africa
Figure 8-10
Key Issue 2 Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause
Problems?
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Key Issue 2 Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems?
• Types of boundaries (pg 250) – Physical Boundaries
• Desert boundaries • Mountain boundaries • Water boundaries
– Cultural Boundaries (pg 251) • Geometric boundaries – where? (in the book) • Human features (language, religion, ethnicity)
– Cyprus’s ‘Green Line’ Boundary (pg 253) – ?? – Frontiers
• frontier - ??
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Mountain Boundary
Figure 8-12
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Cultural Boundary
Figure 8-15
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Key Issue 2 Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems?
• Boundaries inside states (pg 254) – Unitary states - ???
• Example: France – Federal states - ???
• Example: Poland-?? • Globally, there is a trend toward federations
– Which of the two types are preferred and why?
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Key Issue 2 Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause
Problems?
• Electoral geography (pg 255) – Boundaries within the United States are used to create
legislative districts – Gerrymandering - ???
• Three types: – wasted - ?? – excess - ?? – stacked vote - ??
• Illegal (1985 U.S. Supreme Court decision)
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Gerrymandering
Figure 8-18
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Gerrymandering: Example
Figure 8-19
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Key Issue 3 Why Do States Cooperate with Each Other?
• Political and military cooperation (pg 257) – The United Nations (est. 1945) – Regional military alliances
• Era of Two SuperPowers – Balance of power - ???
• Post–World War II: NATO or the Warsaw Pact – Other regional organizations
• OSEC (est. 1965) • OAS (est. 1962) • AU (est. 1963) - ?? • The Commonwealth - ??
• Economic cooperation - ?? (pg 259)
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Economic and Military Alliances in Cold War Europe
Figure 8-21
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Key Issue 4 Why Has Terrorism Increased?
• Terrorism – Systematic use of violence to intimidate a
population or to coerce a government • From the Latin word meaning “to frighten” • Use of bombing, kidnapping, hijacking, and
murder to instill fear and anxiety in a population • How does is relate to assassinations?
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Why Has Terrorism Increased?
• Terrorism by individuals and organizations – American terrorists – September 11, 2001, attacks – Al-Qaeda
• Jihad
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Aftermath of World Trade Center Attack
Figure 8-23
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Why Has Terrorism Increased? • State support for terrorism
– Three increasing levels of involvement • Providing sanctuary • Supplying weapons, money, and intelligence to
terrorists • Using terrorists to plan attacks
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Why Has Terrorism Increased? • State support for terrorism
– Examples • Libya • Iraq • Afghanistan • Iran • Pakistan
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Ethnic Groups in Southwest Asia
Figure 8-25
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Major Tribes in Iraq
Figure 8-26
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The End.
Up next: Development