Download - CHAPTER 8 World War I. Causes of World War
CHAPTER 8
World War I
Causes of World War
NATIONALISM Extreme pride,
devotion to a country Leads to: Competition for
POWER! Ottoman Empire
falling apart Austria-Hungary
pushed into Serbia Slavs push back, ask
for help from Russia
Causes of World War
IMPERIALISM Nations compete
for overseas colonies
Great Britain and France had colonies in Africa, Middle East, Asia
Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted colonies Needed…
Causes of World War
MILITARISM Policy of military
preparedness and building up of weapons
1900: Germany builds up navy to compete with Great Britain
Begins to create war strategies
SCHLIEFFEN PLAN: 2 front war with
Russia & FranceSurprise attack on
France through Belgium
Causes of World War
ALLIANCES: For
protection Created to
maintain peace!
TRIPLE ALLIANCE Germany Austria-
Hungary Italy
TRIPLE ENTENTE France Russia Great
Britain
BALANCE OF POWER: EACH NATION/ ALLIANCE HAD EQUAL STRENGTH
Predict: How will the alliance system lead to war?
Death of an Archduke
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) went to Serbia to inspect his troops
He brought his wife Sophie
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian NATIONALIST who didn’t like Austria Hungary shot both
How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?
Russian army mobilized troops, preparing for war
Germany views Russian mobilization as a threat against their ally Austria Hungary
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary blames Serbia
Russia promises to protect Serbia
European Alliances Made
Triple AllianceGermany, Austria Hungary,
Italy
Triple EntenteEngland, France, Russia
How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?
Germany decides to make first move and invade neutral country: BELGIUM
Great Britain had promised to defend
Belgium
Great Britain declared war on Germany
Germany declares WAR against Russia
Alliances become War POWERS
Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
England France Russia
Central Powers Allied Powers
How did the death of an Archduke lead to a WORLD war?
Collins Type II
As the war began…
France still wore their old Imperial Uniforms
And their strategy hadn’t changed Line up Fire and CHARGE!
Forward Germans wore earth
tones And used MACHINE GUNS!
Trench Warfare!
Machine Gun lead to
Trenches
New and improved weapons
Trench Warfare led to
•Barbed wire•Poison gas•Grenades•Flame Thrower
•Tanks•Submarines• Blimps•Airplanes
Draw your own trench with weapons
Trench foot!
Trench warfare also led to
Trench Reenactment Game
Triple Entente Triple Alliance
Build “Trenches” with backpacks and desksUse new “weapons” to tag other sideIf you are hit you are OUT, come to the front of the roomLast person standing winsSend people out to pick up weapons, at their RISK
Take contract SERIOUSLYDo NOT aim for headDo NOT aim to KILL
ISOLATIONISM: a POLICY of NOT GETTING INVOLVED
Where is the United States?
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE
Germany would fire on any ship aiding the Allied Powers
The Lusitania
Zimmermann Telegram
From Germany to Mexico Asked Mexico to threaten the US to stay
out of the war OR ELSE! Why would Mexico be better to threaten
the US? IF the US declared war on Germany, Mexico would declare war on the US After a German victory in WWI, Mexico
would get: Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (land
taken by US)
Selective Service Act
May 18, 1917
Men between the ages of 21-30 required to register to be drafted African American soldiers were
segregated Believed they would be a threat
after war Latinos went through English
training before fighting Harlem Hell
Fighters191 days
Convoy System
Destroyers or cruisers would surround troop-transport ships for protection
Allied Setbacks
1917- Bolsheviks, or Communists, took over Russia.
Vladimir Lenin made peace with Germany
Now it was a ONE front war
We provided new energy, fresh troops, new money and weapons
How did America help win WWI?
Home Front
PROPAGANDA
Posters, newspaper stories, speeches designed to influence people’s opinions
LIBERTY BONDS
Savings bonds that were a loan to the government
Regulating Food & Fuel:
Conserve at home, supply the troops
Schenk V. United States
Limits to freedom of speech during war
-clear and present danger
All Quiet on the Western Front
Why did the soldier dehumanize himself and others?
Trench life was horrible Killing others was horrible Watching your friends die,
being afraid to die yourself, must be horrible as well
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
We provided fresh troops, not wary from fightingFor the first time, the Allies went on the offense
Why did Americans help win WWI?
Armistice - peace
November 11, 1918:
Armistice went into effect
Guns fell silent
8.5 MILLION people killed
“war to end all wars?”
Late 1918 War crippling German economy Civilians lacked food Food riots and strikes erupted in
Germany Revolution swept across Austria-
Hungary Central Powers couldn’t get soldiers to
fight Austria-Hungary signed a peace
agreement with allies Germany surrendered its aircraft,
artillery, tanks, U-Boats
Fourteen Points
What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression
Paris Peace Conference
Wilson went to Paris to lead peace talks
Republicans and others thought he should have stayed home to put the country back together
Wilson believed a lasting peace required an unbiased leader
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: international peacekeeping group of countries
The Treaty of VersaillesJune 1919
The Big Four
Woodrow Wilson USA
David Lloyd-George Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau France
Vittorio Orlando Italy
The Big Four at Versailles in 1919
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
9 NEW COUNTRIES:
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
POLAND
YUGOSLAVIA
ESTONIA
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
FINLAND
HUNGARY
IRAQ
MUCH harsher than Wilson wanted
Forced Germany to disarm its military
REPARATIONS: payments for damages and expenses caused by war Far exceeded what Germany
could pay Demanded Germany accept
sole responsibility Established a League of
Nations
IMPACT OF WWI
14 million dead
7 million permanently disabled
$280 BILLION
Monarchies overthrown: Russia, Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Ottoman Empire US emerges as world’s leading
economic power Europe lost an entire
generation of young men France was destroyed, England
in debt Germany crippled by
reparations
Before……………………After