Download - Chapter 9
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Chapter 9Chemical Names & Formulas
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Name & Formula 2-D Structure 3-D Representation
Ammonium NH4+
Hydroxide OH–
Nitrate NO3–
Nitrite NO2–
Acetate C2H3O2 –
or CH3COO
Carbonate CO32-
Sulfate SO42-
Sulfite SO32-
Phosphate PO43-
+ 1 cation
– 2 anions
– 1 anions
– 3 anion
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Naming Compounds• Naming compounds is essential in
chemistry.• There are 2 types of chemical
compounds• Molecular and Ionic
• You need to know the type of compound before you can name it.
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Molecular Compounds
• Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.
• Molecular Compounds—compounds composed of molecules.• Tend to have low melting and boiling
points• Many are gases or liquid at room temp.• Are composed of 2 or more nonmetals.• Example: 1 atom of carbon can react
with 1 atom of oxygen to produce 1 molecule of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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Molecular Formulas• Molecular Formula—shows the kinds
and numbers of atoms present in a molecular compound.• Includes the elements present and the
number of each as a subscript.• If there is only 1, the subscript is omitted.
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Sec 5: Molecular Compounds• Binary compounds—compounds
containing 2 elements.• Binary molecular compounds—contain 2
nonmetal elements.• Composed of molecules—not ions.
• 2 nonmetals can combine in more than 1 way!• CO2 is a gas that we breathe out.• CO is a colorless, odorless, & deadly gas
• Both are carbon oxides, but it is important to distinguish between them.
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Naming Molecular Compounds
• Prefixes distinguish between different compounds• They tell the number of each element
present in each molecule.
• For the second element, change the ending to -ide
1-mono2-di3-tri4-tetra5-penta
6-hexa7-hepta8-octa9-nona10-deca
Examples: CO2 is carbon dioxideCO is carbon monoxide
Notice: the mono prefix is omitted on the first element.
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Formulas of Molecular Compounds
•Given the name, writing formulas is easy!!
•Use the prefixes to tell you the subscript of each element in the formula.•Example: tetraiodine nonoxide
•I4O9
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Lets try some examples• Given the formula, write the name for
the following molecular compounds.
•N2O•Dinitrogen monoxide
•PCl3•Phosphorus trichloride
•SF6
•Sulfur hexafluoride
•CS2
•Carbon disulfide
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More examples• Given the name, write the formula for
the following molecular compounds.•Nitrogen trifluoride
•NF3
•Disulfur dichloride•S2Cl2
•Dinitrogen tetroxide•N2O4
•Phosphorus pentafluoride•PF5