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Chapter 9.1 Notes
Electromagnetic Waves
Part 1
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• A changing electric field can produce a changing Magnetic Field.
• A changing magnetic field can produce a changing Electric Field
• The combination of these two fields is what produces an Electromagnetic Wave.
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• Changing current can produce changing electric and magnetic fields that move away from an antenna at the speed of light and are called Electromagnetic Wave.
• The energy is contained in the electric and magnetic field or in the electromagnetic wave and this energy is called Electromagnetic Radiation.
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• Electromagnetic waves travel at 300,000,000 m/s through a vacuum.
• 300,000,000 m/s is the same speed as the speed of light.
• We use the letter c to represent the speed of an electromagnetic wave.
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Speed of Light Demo
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• The speed in the air is approximately the same as the speed in a vacuum.
• All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, but they can have different frequency and wavelength.
• Equation for wavelength and frequency = speed = wavelength x frequency
• c = λƒ
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• If our frequency is 1200 H, what is the wavelength?
• c = 냕 c = 300,000,000 m/s• 300,000,000 m/s = λ x 1200 H• 300,000,000 / 1200 = λ• Hertz = 1/s so the seconds cancels
and leaves meters only.• λ = 250,000 m
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• The wavelength of a wave is the distance between peak of the electric field or magnetic field in the wave.
• The frequency is the rate at which peaks pass a stationary point.
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• Wavelengths of electromagnetic waves range from millions of meters to as short as .0000000000000016 meters.
• The range of wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic waves is called the electromagnetic spectrum.
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• The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into bands, based on sizes of the wavelengths of electromagnetic waves.
• Radio Waves are the longest electromagnetic waves, some as long as several thousand kilometers.
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List the electromagnetic bands in order:
• Longest 1 Radio Waves
• 2 Microwaves
• 3 Light Waves
• 4 X Rays
• 5 Gamma Rays
• Shortest 6 Cosmic Rays
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•Light is broken into 3 categories:1. Ultraviolet2. Visible3. Infrared
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• Radio waves are used to transmit radio and television signals.
• Radio wavelengths can be less than 1 centimeter long or even hundreds of kilometers long.
• At the radio or TV station, they have transducers that are used to convert sound into electric signals which creates an electromagnetic wave.
• These radio waves are than transmitted in all directions from an antenna.
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• The waves travel to a receiving antenna and move at the speed of light (300,000,000 m/s).
• At the receiving antenna, there is another transducer that changes the electromagnetic wave back into sound.
• Each type of radio waves has a different wavelengths. For example, waves from a radio station are longer than waves emitted by your cell phone.
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• Microwave radiation has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves.
• Microwave wavelengths range from approximately one millimeter (the thickness of a pencil lead) to thirty centimeters (about one foot).
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• Microwaves are used in telecommunication. They carry information from point to point on the Earth, or from Earth to satellites.
• Microwaves are also used in radar systems to detect and track moving objects.
• The direction of the reflected wave can be measured to locate the object.
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• The reflected wave frequency is changed if the object is moving and this change can be measured and used to determine the object’s speed.
• In a microwave, the electromagnetic waves that are generated are tuned to frequencies that can be absorbed by water molecules.
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Microwave Demos
• Lightbulb
• CD
• Soap